{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:07:18Z","timestamp":1786946838933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pig Industry Technology System Innovation Team Project of Henan Province","award":["HARS-22-12-G1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HARS-22-12-G1"]}]},{"name":"Pig Industry Technology System Innovation Team Project of Henan Province","award":["232102111039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102111039"]}]},{"name":"Pig Industry Technology System Innovation Team Project of Henan Province","award":["252102111001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102111001"]}]},{"name":"Pig Industry Technology System Innovation Team Project of Henan Province","award":["23A230005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A230005"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province","award":["HARS-22-12-G1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HARS-22-12-G1"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province","award":["232102111039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102111039"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province","award":["252102111001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102111001"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province","award":["23A230005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A230005"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province","award":["HARS-22-12-G1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HARS-22-12-G1"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province","award":["232102111039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102111039"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province","award":["252102111001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102111001"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province","award":["23A230005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A230005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study investigated the effects of chestnut tannic acid (TA) on the growth performance, the expression of tight junction proteins and the composition of the gut microbiota of weaned piglets, which could provide novel insights into the application of TA in swine production. Methods: In a 42-day trial, 180 healthy, 21-day-old Duroc \u00d7 Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire piglets were randomly assigned to a Control group and four treatment groups (TA1\u20134), fed commercial diets supplemented with 0, 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.18% or 0.24% TA. Each group had six replicates of six pigs each. Results: The average daily gain in all TA groups, the jejunal and ileal villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the TA3 and TA4 groups were markedly increased (p &lt; 0.05). The mRNA levels of MUC2 and ZO-1 were upregulated in the TA3 group, as were those of MUC4 in the jejunum and ileum and claudin in the duodenum and ileum; glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity were upregulated in the duodenum and jejunum in the TA3 group, and total superoxide dismutase was increased in all the TA2 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde significantly decreased in all the TA groups (p &lt; 0.05). TA supplementation improved the alpha diversity of the intestinal microflora and augmented probiotic abundance while reducing that of pathogenic bacteria. The contents of acetic, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, hexanoic and propionic acids, as well as total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were higher in the TA2 and TA3 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: TA inclusion in piglet diets improved the intestinal environment by upregulating the antioxidant enzymes, improving intestinal morphology and promoting probiotic growth and SCFA production while reducing pathogenic bacterial abundance, consequently enhancing the gut barrier and the growth of weaned piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15070477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T09:45:52Z","timestamp":1752572752000},"page":"477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Chestnut Tannic Acid on the Growth Performance, Gut Morphology and Microbiota of Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinzhou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7801-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1753-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7596-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6539-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8178-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0848-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2069-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meinan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-3847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-6867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, J.M., Crenshaw, J.D., and Polo, J. 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