{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T21:47:31Z","timestamp":1783028851069,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lung injury induced by insoluble uranium oxide particles on gut microbiota and related metabolites in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six UO2 dose groups. A rat lung injury model was established through UO2 aerosol. The levels of uranium in lung tissues were detected by ICP-MS. The expression levels of the inflammatory factors and fibrosis indexes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paraffin embedding-based hematoxylin &amp; eosin staining for the lung tissue was performed to observe the histopathological imaging features. Metagenomic sequencing technology and HM700-targeted metabolomics were conducted in lung tissues. Results: Uranium levels in the lung tissues increased with dose increase. The expression levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), Collagen I, and Hydroxyproline (Hyp) in rat lung homogenate increased with dose increase. Inflammatory cell infiltration and the deposition of extracellular matrix were observed in rat lung tissue post-exposure. Compared to the control group, the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in the gut microbiota decreased, the relative abundance of Akkermansia_mucinphila decreased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroides increased. The important differential metabolites mainly include \u03b1lpha-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, 2-Hydroxybutyric acid, Beta-Alanine, Maleic acid, Hyocholic acid, L-Lysine, L-Methionine, L-Leucine, which were mainly concentrated in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, propionic acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and other pathways in the UO2 group compared to the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that uranium-induced lung injury can cause the disturbance of gut microbiota and its metabolites in rats, and these changes are mainly caused by Akkermansia_mucinphila and Bacteroides, focusing on unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and the propionic acid metabolism pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15080492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T08:45:18Z","timestamp":1753173918000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Uranium-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis on Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingdong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangming","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030605, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingming","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Chu, J., Xia, B., Xiong, Z., Zhang, S., and Tang, W. 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