{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:06:08Z","timestamp":1758931568437,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004881","name":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/G18\/1826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/G18\/1826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response and the expression of inflammatory factors in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, the association between these two inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) investigate whether whole blood counts, the neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte\u2013lymphocyte ratio (MLR), serum adiponectin levels, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (TLR2, TLR4, pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1, anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1RA, IL-10, and adiponectin) in VAT are altered in women with GDM in comparison to pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and (2) determine the correlations between systemic and local VAT inflammation in all, GDM, and NGT women. Methods: Study of 50 GDM and 50 women with NGT with a cross-sectional design. Standard biochemical and hematological tests were conducted and relative mRNA expression in VAT was measured by RT-qPCR. Results: Women with GDM showed higher neutrophil, monocyte, NLR, MLR, and VAT TNF-\u03b1\/IL-10 mRNA expression ratios while lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, serum adiponectin, and mRNA local VAT inflammatory markers such as TLR2, TLR4, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-1RA, and IL-10 were lower in women with GDM relative to women with NGT. Additionally, the circulating monocyte count were associated with TLR2 and TLR-4 VAT mRNA expression levels and eosinophils count were associated with IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1RA VAT expression levels in women with GDM. Conclusions: GDM is characterized by systemic inflammation, and some circulating immune cells, such as monocytes and eosinophils, are associated with the expression of inflammatory markers in VAT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15100644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T08:31:28Z","timestamp":1758875488000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Systemic Inflammation with Inflammatory mRNA Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue in Gestational Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Saucedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia 221, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Toluca 50150, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Flor","family":"D\u00edaz-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia 3, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5173-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Contreras-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico \u201cFederico G\u00f3mez\u201d, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda","family":"Moleres-Ordu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terapia de M\u00ednima Invasi\u00f3n y Alojamiento Conjunto, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda \u201cIsidro Espinosa de los Reyes\u201d, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5797-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1832-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Valencia-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico \u201cFederico G\u00f3mez\u201d, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Naval, Mexico City 04830, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"P\u00e9rez-Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda \u201cIsidro Espinosa de los Reyes\u201d, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Special Interest Group. 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