{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T04:40:05Z","timestamp":1759984805000,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorders inflicting women of childbearing age. Dietary interventions have gained interest as non-pharmacological approach to control obesity and metabolic disturbances. However, the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on metabolic and hormonal profiles of PCOS patients is debatable. Objectives: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore IF\u2019s effect on PCOS women\u2019s metabolic and hormonal profile (PROSPERO: CRD42024511520). Eligible studies included IF interventions in women with PCOS, with metabolic and hormonal profiles being reported. Methods: A systematic literature search using three databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, was conducted. The systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of four studies were included (N = 4). IF is not associated with significant change in BMI (MD = \u22120.200, 95% CI [\u22120.807, 0.407], p = 0.518). The analysis revealed that IF had no statistically significant impact on FBG (MD = \u22120.569, 95% CI [\u22129.955, 8.818], p = 0.906), HOMA-IR (MD = \u22120.862, 95% CI [\u22121.737, 0.014], p = 0.054), and FINS (MD = \u22122.749, 95% CI [\u22126.441, 0.943], p = 0.145). No significant change in TG (MD = \u22123.120, 95% CI [\u22129.624, 3.385], p = 0.347), total cholesterol (MD = \u22120.918, 95% CI [\u22122.960, 1.124], p = 0.378), and LDL levels (MD = \u22120.433, 95% CI [\u22121.224, 0.359], p = 0.284) between IF and pre-fasting or non-intervention diet groups. However, the explanation is limited by the small number of studies, duration of fasting regimes, and\/or variations in fasting strategies. Sex hormone data were collected but were insufficient for a pooled analysis. Conclusions: Overall, our study suggests that IF is not an effective intervention to enhance BMI, glycaemic control, and lipid metabolism in PCOS patients. Nevertheless, the current conclusion is inconclusive and preliminary, as additional well-designed studies are required to support this conclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15100654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T08:20:28Z","timestamp":1759393228000},"page":"654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic and Hormonal Profile in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1231-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Aolymat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhad","family":"Abumweis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2119-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafez","family":"Al-Momani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diala Walid","family":"Abu-Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majd M.","family":"Albarakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1674-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alzoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abu saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayah Khleaf","family":"Oleimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaimaa Nasr","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa","family":"Bayoumie El Gazzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin N.","family":"Olaimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4119-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abd Al-Rahman","family":"Al-Shudiefat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2020.01.003","article-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Is It Androgen or Estrogen Receptor?","volume":"12","author":"Walters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. 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