{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:17:28Z","timestamp":1785442648027,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oradea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabolic syndrome involves interconnected disturbances in insulin sensitivity, hepatic function, and renal performance. Simple, integrative indices may improve early detection of multisystem metabolic risk. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adults were stratified into metabolic risk categories (scores 2\u201311) and evaluated using the triglyceride\u2013glucose (TyG) index, the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Correlation analyses and multivariate regression models (HC3 robust standard errors) were applied to identify independent predictors of hepatic (FIB-4) and renal (eGFR) function. Results: TyG and FIB-4 increased significantly with higher metabolic risk (ANOVA p &lt; 10\u22126), while eGFR showed a mild, non-significant decline. TyG correlated strongly with triglycerides (r = 0.78) and fasting glucose (r = 0.69), whereas FIB-4 correlated inversely with eGFR (\u03c1 = \u22120.30). In regression models, age was the strongest predictor of both FIB-4 (\u03b2_std = 0.33) and eGFR (\u03b2_std = \u22120.47). Additional predictors of lower eGFR included FIB-4, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and UACR, whereas TyG showed no independent effect after adjustment. Conclusions: The combined use of TyG, FIB-4, and eGFR provides complementary insight into the metabolic\u2013hepatic\u2013renal continuum. These indices highlight progressive insulin resistance, hepatic stress, and subclinical renal involvement, supporting their utility as accessible tools for early identification of high-risk metabolic phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15110729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T10:56:45Z","timestamp":1762513005000},"page":"729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrative Assessment of TyG Index, FIB-4, and eGFR as Composite Predictors of Metabolic Risk Clusters in Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mihaela Simona","family":"Popoviciu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Decembrie, 410028 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Diabetes Mellitus, Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410167 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7036-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florica Ramona","family":"Dorobantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petru Cornel","family":"Domocos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The London Welbeck Hospital, 27 Welbeck St, London W1G 8EN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Mari\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, 94 Revolutiei Blvd., 310130 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Florina","family":"Trifan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-1958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timea Claudia","family":"Ghitea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2153-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia","family":"Manole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e67428","article-title":"A comprehensive review of metabolic syndrome and its role in cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms, risk factors, and management","volume":"16","author":"Dhondge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4","article-title":"Cardial-ms (cardio-renal-diabetes-liver-metabolic syndrome): A new proposition for an integrated multisystem metabolic disease","volume":"17","author":"Sposito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol. 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