{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T05:24:33Z","timestamp":1763789073927,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32470421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32470421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program \u201cTop Team\u201d Project","award":["202305AT350001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AT350001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Asarum heterotropoides, a prominent medicinal plant in China, is well known for producing an abundance of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which constitute the primary components of its essential oil and serve as the principal active compounds of the species. However, the biosynthetic pathways for these terpenoids remain largely unelucidated. Methods: Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis, in vitro enzyme assay, subcellular localization experiment and molecular docking were used to characterize the function of terpene synthase from A. heterotropoides. Results: In this study, we isolated and characterized two monoterpene synthases and one sesquiterpene synthase from A. heterotropoides. These enzymes exhibit promiscuous activities, accepting geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate as substrates to yield a variety of monoterpene and sesquiterpene products in in vitro enzymatic assays. All three enzymes possess a conserved RRx8W motif, a hallmark typically associated with TPS-b and TPS-d monoterpene synthases involved in cyclic monoterpene formation. However, these two monoterpene synthases yield linear instead of cyclic products. The sesquiterpene synthase (AhTPS3) is a second example of TPS-a terpene synthase harboring such motif. Conclusions: Our findings significantly expand our understanding of terpene biosynthesis, especially the role of RRx8W motif.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15110753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T10:30:59Z","timestamp":1763634659000},"page":"753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of Two Monoterpene Synthases and a Sesquiterpene Synthase from Asarum heterotropoides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianhua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanshu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403059","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403059","article-title":"Regulation of glandular size and phytoalexin biosynthesis by a negative feedback loop in cotton","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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