{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:34:35Z","timestamp":1774301675296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PhytoAPP EU framework","award":["101007642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007642"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-Synapse","award":["101086453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086453"]}]},{"name":"Scientific state assignment","award":["FZWG-2024-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FZWG-2024-0003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) function is associated with increased vulnerability to emotional and metabolic dysregulation, particularly in elderly women. Most preclinical studies relied on young male rodents with complete Sert deficiency; the Western diet (WD) acerbates these abnormalities. However, complete Sert loss does not fully reflect the human condition of partial SERT dysfunction. Here, we examined the effects of WD in aged female Sert+\/\u2212 mice on metabolic, biochemical, molecular, and behavioral outcomes. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and Sert+\/\u2212 mice were fed WD or a control diet. Emotionality, cognition, glucose tolerance (GT), plasma 1HNMR spectroscopy metabolome and biochemical parameters were studied. Gene expression analyses of nitric oxide (NO)-related markers were performed in the hypothalamus, dorsal raphe, and liver. Results: WD-exposed WT mice showed impaired GT and reduced plasma lactate and branched-chain amino acid levels; metabolome changes were more pronounced in mutants, while GT was unchanged. Na\u00efve Sert+\/\u2212 mice exhibited lower lactate and alanine levels compared with WT controls. WD increased leptin and cholesterol levels in both genotypes, whereas triglyceride concentrations were reduced in Sert+\/\u2212 mice. Both WD and Sert deficiency increased Nos expression, while arginase expression was differentially regulated by genotype and diet. Malondialdehyde levels were elevated in the prefrontal cortex of Sert+\/\u2212 mice regardless diet. WD also impaired object recognition memory and induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, with more pronounced effects in Sert+\/\u2212 mice, except marble test behavior. Conclusions: Partial Sert deficiency aggravates some but not all WD-induced metabolic alterations, enhances oxidative stress, dysregulates arginine\u2013NO signaling, and modifies behavior, highlighting the translational relevance of Sert+\/\u2212 mice for modeling SERT dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16020117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T10:45:31Z","timestamp":1770633931000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Partial Serotonin Transporter Deficiency Modulates Plasma Metabolome, Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway and Emotional Behavior in Mice Exposed to Western Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Gorlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsinsel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research and Education Resource Center, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Cespuglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon, ENES Team, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, 69675 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2341-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Schmitt-B\u00f6hrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Margarete-H\u00f6ppel-Platz 1, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Deykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetic Technology and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary, National Research Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7525-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan V.","family":"Kalueff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, School of Science, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ksenia","family":"Lebedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5915-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Nedorubov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Ortega","family":"Shulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Margarete-H\u00f6ppel-Platz 1, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3501-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Svirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG-Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 123290 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksey","family":"Lyundup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Resource Center, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Lesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsinsel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Margarete-H\u00f6ppel-Platz 1, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, F\u00fcchsebuckelstra\u00dfe 10, 97078 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Strekalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsinsel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Margarete-H\u00f6ppel-Platz 1, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl3857","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl3857","article-title":"Illumination of Serotonin Transporter Mechanism and Role of the Allosteric Site","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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