{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:24:39Z","timestamp":1789590279091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver, the presence of one or more cardiometabolic risk factors, and an absence of harmful alcohol intake. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development and severity of this disease, contributing to an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). Malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative biomarker resulting from lipid peroxidation, is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MDA as a predictor of steatosis severity and CVR. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a population with MASLD with hepatic steatosis confirmed by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Subjects were classified according to severity of the hepatic steatosis as grade I or grade II-III. Nutritional, anthropometric, and serum biochemical parameters were measured. MDA levels were determined using a spectrophotometric method. The CVR was assessed using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify MDA cut-off value, followed by multivariable logistic regression to assess its association with severity of steatosis adjusted for body fat percentage. Results: A total of 50 patients were included (21 men and 29 women). An MDA cut-off value \u2265 0.13 nmol\/mL was associated with higher severity (grade II\u2013III vs. grade I) (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 1.20\u201320.0; p = 0.022). Higher WHR values were found in subjects with grade I (p = 0.049), and elevated TyG index values were observed in patients with grade I-III (p = 0.042) both indicating increased CVR. Conclusions: Elevated MDA levels and higher body fat percentage were associated with higher degree of hepatic steatosis and increased CVR in the population from southeastern Mexico.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16030203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:50:36Z","timestamp":1773921036000},"page":"203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Malondialdehyde as a Predictor of Disease Severity and Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6353-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Lugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Ligia","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Emmanuel","family":"Jimeno-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Radiolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"G\u00f3ngora-Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Radiolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayra","family":"Vera-Aviles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2660-5310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayana","family":"Williams-Jacquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0589-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Chaurand-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1824-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Arturo","family":"Valdivieso-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Dr. Mario C\u00e1rdenas de la Vega, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Culiac\u00e1n 80230, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Medina-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Metodolog\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8996-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Guevara-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda de la Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2749-6518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda","family":"Pacheco-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyouky","family":"Ix-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0373-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Chim-Ak\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3363-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azalia","family":"Avila-Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), M\u00e9rida 97130, Yucat\u00e1n, 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