{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:41:22Z","timestamp":1789530082046,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008989","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FNB-2025-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNB-2025-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["FNB-2025-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNB-2025-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00v8fdc16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reviews the main candidate genes involved in the pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common endocrine\u2013metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk and is a leading cause of infertility. Although its pathophysiology is not fully understood, alterations in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013ovarian axis, insulin metabolism, and steroidogenesis have been described. Polymorphisms in genes encoding hormones, enzymes, and receptors in these pathways contribute to clinical variability and ethnic differences, offering potential for early diagnosis and personalized medicine. This review summarizes key candidate genes related to insulin metabolism (INS, INSR, IRS-1), the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013ovarian axis (LH\u03b2, LHCGR, FSHR, GnRHR, AMH, AMHR2, KISS1, CAPN10), steroidogenesis (CYP11A, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, CYP21, 17\u03b2-HSD, SHBG, AR, STAR), and other clinically relevant mechanisms such as obesity, lipid metabolism (PPARG, VDR, FTO), and follicular development (ACE).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16040277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T08:24:23Z","timestamp":1776673463000},"page":"277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic Criteria and Genetic Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda de los Angeles","family":"Cepero-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Aguilar-Galarza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0243-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo, Quer\u00e9taro 76130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8793-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3751-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulisses","family":"Moreno Celis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9240569","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9240569","article-title":"Association of Insulin Resistance and Elevated Androgen Levels with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Review of Literature","volume":"2022","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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