{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:22:51Z","timestamp":1786116171984,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine) of Chongqing","award":["SQMS2025DXB-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQMS2025DXB-001"]}]},{"name":"Scientific, Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN202415102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202415102"]}]},{"award":["KJQN202415102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202415102"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031nm5713","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Key Project of Technological Innovation and Application Development","award":["CSTB2025TIAD-KPX0093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025TIAD-KPX0093"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle, CM) is an important edible and medicinal plant. Owing to its diverse pharmacological properties, its fruit has long served as a traditional Chinese medicine and has increasingly been developed for functional food applications. However, its non-fruit parts, including leaves, branches, and roots, remain underutilized. Methods: In this study, CM fruit (CMF), leaves (CML), roots (CMR), and branches (CMB) were selected to systematically compare their small-molecule metabolic profiles and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS). Meanwhile, antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2\u2032-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, and anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation model. Results: Metabolomic analysis revealed 826 differential metabolites across the four CM parts (CMs), reflecting pronounced organ-specific metabolic features. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the variations in metabolite profiles across the four CMs were primarily linked to amino acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. In the antioxidant assays, the DPPH radical scavenging activity at 2 mg\/mL followed the order CML (78.37 \u00b1 7.29%), CMR (73.30 \u00b1 2.68%), CMB (40.71 \u00b1 0.16%), and CMF (36.67 \u00b1 1.67%), whereas ABTS radical scavenging activity followed the order CMR (51.36 \u00b1 2.17%), CML (48.30 \u00b1 1.64%), CMB (45.23 \u00b1 1.72%), and CMF (18.48 \u00b1 0.22%). In the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage model, at 0.4 mg\/mL, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production followed the order CML (88.18 \u00b1 4.02%), CMB (87.21 \u00b1 3.02%), CMF (68.05 \u00b1 2.54%), and CMR (67.21 \u00b1 9.12%). Correlation analysis further suggested that features putatively annotated as minecoside, maltotetraose, and (+)-catechin may be associated with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activities. Conclusions: The study revealed differences in metabolite composition and bioactivities among different CMs, providing an experimental basis for the development and utilization of non-fruit parts, especially leaves, and for further investigation of their bioactive constituents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16080555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1786003682000},"page":"555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Organ-Specific Metabolites Associated with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Finger Citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7332-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, B., Lv, J., Li, K., Liao, P., and Chen, P. 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