{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:04:24Z","timestamp":1790870664083,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kiwi Innovation Network Ltd.","award":["RM22913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM22913"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Health challenges associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have stimulated investigations into the effectiveness of nutraceutical interventions, including beetroot juice (BRJ), in mitigating MetS risk factors. Methods: This repeated-measures crossover trial (n = 16 healthy participants) investigates the effects of daily ingestion of two different BRJs [United Kingdom beetroot juice (UKBR), 1280 mg nitrate, 147 mg betalains; New Zealand beetroot juice (NZBR), 1120 mg nitrate, 506 mg betalains] and placebo (PL) on plasma nitrate and nitrite levels, MetS biomarkers and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Participants consumed the juices for 6 days, with measures taken on day 7 fasted (pre-dose) and 2 h and 5 h post ingestion (acute). Results: On day 7, pre-dose plasma nitrate levels were significantly elevated for UKBR and NZBR compared to PL (297.2, 177.1 and 64.2 \u00b5mol\/L, respectively). On day 7, UKBR achieved significantly higher plasma nitrate levels 2 h and 5 h post consumption than NZBR (2 h: 750.3 vs. 577.7 \u00b5mol\/L; 5 h: 703.4 vs. 510.1 \u00b5mol\/L) and PL at all timepoints. Plasma nitrite was elevated pre-dose for UKBR only and for both juices relative to PL at 2 h and 5 h. On day 7, pre-dose systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower for NZBR than PL (\u22124.96 mmHg) and 2 h post-ingestion for both UKBR (\u22125.63 mmHg) and NZBR (\u22124.98 mmHg) compared with PL. Systemic vascular resistance was 11.6% lower after 6 days of consumption of NZBR relative to PL (ratio 0.884, 95% CI 0.803 to 0.974). Conclusions: Supplementation with BRJ reduced SBP relative to placebo, and the betalain-rich NZBR also reduced SVR, whereas the higher-nitrate UKBR did not. This suggests that betalains and nitrates may play an important role in these improvements. The Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID for this study is: ACTRN12622000714785.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16080579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:00:05Z","timestamp":1786964405000},"page":"579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Nitrate- and Betalain-Rich Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Vascular Function and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5885-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron","family":"Haswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay","family":"Rutherfurd-Markwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4097-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ag Emission Centre, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited (AgResearch Group), Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Mazahery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6093-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajmol","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5971-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0273-0","article-title":"The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome Components and the Development of Atherosclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Aboonabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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