{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1788970011907,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2026R712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PNURSP2026R712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R712"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05b0cyh02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sleeve gastrectomy induces substantial changes in body composition, energy metabolism, and systemic inflammation, but their temporal patterns during early postoperative follow-up remain incompletely characterized. This pilot study primarily characterized longitudinal changes in body composition, resting energy metabolism, and inflammatory biomarkers during the first nine months following sleeve gastrectomy. A secondary exploratory objective examined associations between the dietary omega-6\/omega-3 ratio and these outcomes. Methods: Thirty-seven adults (67.6% female; mean age 35.1 \u00b1 11.3 years) undergoing sleeve gastrectomy were prospectively assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Dietary intake was assessed using three-day food records. Body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient, and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, and IL-10) were evaluated longitudinally. Linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity were used to assess temporal changes and dietary associations. Results: Distinct postoperative trajectories were observed across outcomes. BMI declined progressively from 43.76 \u00b1 6.44 to 28.49 \u00b1 3.77 kg\/m2 and total body fat from 52.32 \u00b1 5.76% to 39.62 \u00b1 5.71% (both p &lt; 0.001 for time). In contrast, RMR showed a marked early decline by 3 months, followed by relative stabilization (p &lt; 0.001). CRP progressively decreased from 12.84 \u00b1 12.60 to 2.96 \u00b1 2.95 mg\/L (p = 0.001), whereas IL-6 and IL-10 showed no significant temporal changes. Notably, no consistent associations were observed between the dietary PUFA measures and the evaluated outcomes. Conclusions: Postoperative adaptation following sleeve gastrectomy differed across physiological domains, with progressive reductions in adiposity and CRP, an early decline followed by relative stabilization of RMR, and no detectable longitudinal changes in IL-6 or IL-10. Dietary PUFA measures showed no significant associations with postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16090664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:01:56Z","timestamp":1788966116000},"page":"664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition, Resting Metabolic Rate, and Inflammation After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Associations with Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourah\u2019s Tissue Biobank, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer S.","family":"Alzaben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazeed","family":"Alshuweishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Faludah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourah\u2019s Tissue Biobank, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6986-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meshal","family":"Al-Sharafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourah\u2019s Tissue Biobank, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2739-0929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaima","family":"Alothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifestyle and Health Research, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwa S.","family":"Altalhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifestyle and Health Research, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa S.","family":"Aljasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1516-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalal F.","family":"ALShamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Al Shlwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Aldriee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifah","family":"Alanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayzah S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6986-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanaa A.","family":"Yamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23881, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Alshatwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0758-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa A.","family":"Al-Masud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourah\u2019s Tissue Biobank, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02750-2","article-title":"Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"403","author":"Phelps","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2026). 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