{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:06:13Z","timestamp":1789553173314,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabolic age (Met-Age), a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived index based on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition, has been associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, its relationship with body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity severity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study investigated the association between obesity severity and Met-Age and identified factors associated with Met-Age. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 683 adults with T2DM were classified into five BMI categories: normal weight, overweight, and class I, II, and III obesity. Anthropometric, laboratory, and BIA-derived body composition data were analyzed using correlation and sex-stratified multivariable linear regression analyses. Results: Although chronological age did not differ significantly across groups, Met-Age increased progressively with increasing obesity severity (p &lt; 0.001). The Jonckheere\u2013Terpstra test confirmed a significant ordered increase in Met-Age across BMI categories. BMI, fat mass, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) also increased progressively with increasing obesity severity. In the multivariable regression analyses, chronological age and WHtR were positively associated with Met-Age in both sexes, whereas muscle mass showed a weak inverse association with Met-Age only in female participants. No significant correlations were found between Met-Age and fasting blood glucose (FBG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (all p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: In individuals with T2DM, greater obesity severity was associated with higher BIA-derived Met-Age. WHtR was positively associated with Met-Age in both sexes, whereas muscle mass showed a weak inverse association among female participants. Met-Age may serve as a descriptive index reflecting body composition and metabolic characteristics; however, its incremental clinical value beyond BMI and WHtR remains unproven.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16090681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:06:37Z","timestamp":1789549597000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Obesity Severity and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Metabolic Age in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7788-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Esat","family":"Y\u00fccel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, 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Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gizem","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, 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Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Uguz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9197-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birg\u00fcl Deniz","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, 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