{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:11:04Z","timestamp":1790079064039,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2026R286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PNURSP2026R286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R286"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05b0cyh02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Creatine monohydrate (CR) and L-arginine (LA) are widely used ergogenic supplements, but whether acute co-ingestion provides additional performance or task-specific cognitive benefits beyond either supplement alone remains uncertain. This study compared placebo, CR, LA, and LA+CR on repeated-sprint power, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and Stroop reaction time (RT). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, four-period crossover trial, 18 recreationally active men completed placebo (CG), CR (0.3 g\u00b7kg\u22121), LA (6 g), and LA+CR conditions separated by at least 72 h (prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07548541). Testing began 60 min after ingestion with the Stroop test, followed by CMJ and the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). Co-primary outcomes were RAST average power (AP), peak power (PP), CMJ height, and incongruent Stroop median RT. Results: Condition effects were observed for AP, PP, minimum power, CMJ height, and Stroop RT (all p \u2264 0.011), but not fatigue index or Stroop accuracy. All four co-primary omnibus effects remained significant after Holm correction (all pHolm &lt; 0.001). LA+CR produced higher PP than CG (MD 99.01 W; p &lt; 0.001), LA (MD 51.29 W; p = 0.002), and CR (MD 46.71 W; p &lt; 0.001), and greater CMJ height than all comparison conditions (all p &lt; 0.001). LA+CR also produced lower Stroop RT than CG (MD 0.089 s; p &lt; 0.001) and CR (p = 0.041), but not LA (p = 0.271). For AP, LA+CR exceeded CG and CR, but not LA after Bonferroni adjustment. In a secondary 2 \u00d7 2 factorial decomposition, no LA\u00d7CR interaction for a co-primary outcome survived Holm correction (all pHolm \u2265 0.104). Conclusions: Acute LA+CR produced outcome-specific improvements in peak sprint power and CMJ and selectively reduced Stroop RT, but did not establish biological synergy. Interpretation should remain exploratory given the small male-only sample, unmodelled period\/sequence effects, and possible creatine-related carryover.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16090688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1790075375000},"page":"688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Responses to Creatine Monohydrate and L-Arginine, Alone and Combined, on Repeated-Sprint Power, Countermovement Jump Height, and Stroop Reaction Time in Recreationally Active Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr","family":"Eken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, 44000 Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil","family":"U\u00e7ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, 44000 Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Kurto\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200 Balikesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Ozan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical  Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Atat\u00fcrk University, 25000 Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1809-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Buzda\u011fl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25000 Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"S\u00f6yler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Social Sciences, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Karatekin University, 18200 \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5255-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monira I.","family":"Aldhahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint  Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0242-y","article-title":"ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: Research & recommendations","volume":"15","author":"Kerksick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01823-2","article-title":"Effects of creatine monohydrate on endurance performance in a trained population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Todorovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2022.2108683","article-title":"A randomized open-labeled study to examine the effects of creatine monohydrate and combined training on jump and scoring performance in young basketball players","volume":"19","author":"Kreider","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2025.104561","article-title":"Supplementation of creatine monohydrate improves sprint performance but has no effect on glycolytic contribution: A nonrandomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in trained cyclists","volume":"9","author":"Meixner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyawose, S., Naidoo, R., Naumovski, N., and McKune, A.J. (2022). The effects of consuming amino acids L-arginine, L-citrulline (and their combination) as a beverage or powder, on athletic and physical performance: A systematic review. Beverages, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages8030048"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-021-00472-y","article-title":"Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Blake","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.02.003","article-title":"The effects of acute and chronic oral L-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced ammonia accumulation and exercise performance in healthy young men: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Hiratsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Sci. Fit."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"42","article-title":"Multi-ingredient supplementation in physically active individuals","volume":"12","author":"Naclerio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Cienc. Act. Fis. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-024-00673-7","article-title":"L-arginine: Its role in human physiology, in some diseases and mainly in viral multiplication as a narrative literature review","volume":"10","author":"Pedrazini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300033","article-title":"Arginine and nitric oxide synthase: Regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular aspects","volume":"58","author":"Lorin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3360001","article-title":"Arginine metabolism: Nitric oxide and beyond","volume":"336","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1602S","article-title":"Arginine metabolism: Boundaries of our knowledge","volume":"137","author":"Morris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.2174\/138527211798357083","article-title":"The role of supplemented creatine in human metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Petr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viribay, A., Burgos, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Landa, J., Seco-Calvo, J., and Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (2020). Effects of arginine supplementation on athletic performance based on energy metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051300"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2165\/11596860-000000000-00000","article-title":"The effect of nitric-oxide-related supplements on human performance","volume":"42","author":"Sureda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuu014","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids and nitrate: Effects on nitric oxide and vascular function","volume":"73","author":"Bondonno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.10.001","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism","volume":"31","author":"Bahadoran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M.M., Li, Y., Deng, S.L., Zhao, Y., Lian, Z.X., and Yu, K. (2022). Mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species in skeletal muscle. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.826981"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000167","article-title":"Dietary nitrate enhances the contractile properties of human skeletal muscle","volume":"46","author":"Coggan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2022.04.001","article-title":"Nitric oxide and skeletal muscle contractile function","volume":"122\u2013123","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000272","article-title":"Skeletal muscle nitrate as a regulator of systemic nitric oxide homeostasis","volume":"50","author":"Piknova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2022.01.005","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in convective and diffusive skeletal muscle microvascular oxygen kinetics","volume":"121","author":"Poole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00054.2021","article-title":"Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training","volume":"103","author":"Egan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonilla, D.A., Kreider, R.B., Stout, J.R., Forero, D.A., Kerksick, C.M., Roberts, M.D., and Rawson, E.S. (2021). Metabolic basis of creatine in health and disease: A bioinformatics-assisted review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041238"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Hell\u00edn, J., Del Coso, J., Franco-Andr\u00e9s, A., Gamonales, J.M., Espada, M.C., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, J., L\u00f3pez-Moreno, M., and Varillas-Delgado, D. (2025). Creatine supplementation beyond athletics: Benefits of different types of creatine for women, vegans, and clinical populations\u2014A narrative review. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010095"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000863","article-title":"Creatine supplementation: An update","volume":"20","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wax, B., Kerksick, C.M., Jagim, A.R., Mayo, J.J., Lyons, B.C., and Kreider, R.B. (2021). Creatine for exercise and sports performance, with recovery considerations for healthy populations. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061915"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20230559","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202420230559","article-title":"Short term creatine loading improves strength endurance even without changing maximal strength, RPE, fatigue index, blood lactate, and mood state","volume":"96","author":"Furtado","year":"2024","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.114982","article-title":"Creatine supplementation research fails to support the theoretical basis for an effect on cognition: Evidence from a systematic review","volume":"466","author":"McMorris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roschel, H., Gualano, B., Ostojic, S.M., and Rawson, E.S. (2021). Creatine supplementation and brain health. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020586"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18761429272915","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429272915231122112748","article-title":"Creatine in cognitive performance: A commentary","volume":"17","author":"Elechi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arazi, H., Eghbali, E., and Suzuki, K. (2021). Creatine supplementation, physical exercise and oxidative stress markers: A review of the mechanisms and effectiveness. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030869"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.04.013","article-title":"Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"108","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2888S","article-title":"Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation","volume":"134","author":"Wolfe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X08100834","article-title":"The effect of L-arginine and creatine on vascular function and homocysteine metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Jahangir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.73905.2","article-title":"Effectiveness of acute L-arginine supplementation on physical performance in strength training: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Pasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15617954","article-title":"Neurovascular coupling in humans: Physiology, methodological advances and clinical implications","volume":"36","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tornero-Aguilera, J.F., Jimenez-Morcillo, J., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., and Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V.J. (2022). Central and peripheral fatigue in physical exercise explained: A narrative review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073909"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13266","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816908116","article-title":"A hypothesis linking the energy demand of the brain to obesity risk","volume":"116","author":"Kuzawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00535-8","article-title":"Energy matters: Presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2016.11.003","article-title":"Creatine defects and central nervous system","volume":"23","author":"Fons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2174\/157340809789630299","article-title":"Controlling the flow of energy: Inhibition and stimulation of the creatine transporter","volume":"5","author":"Balestrino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Enzym. Inhib."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varillas-Delgado, D. (2025). Nutritional intervention and ergogenic aids in sport performance and recovery. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17172806"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0173-z","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine","volume":"14","author":"Kreider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445609","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2024.2445609","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of nitrate and L-arginine intake on aerobic, anaerobic performance, balance, agility, and recovery in elite taekwondo athletes","volume":"22","author":"Ozan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b3df32","article-title":"Validity of the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances","volume":"23","author":"Zagatto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarpina, F., and Tagini, S. (2017). The Stroop Color and Word Test. Front. Psychol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00557"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2008.05.005","article-title":"No effect of short-term arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, metabolism and performance in intermittent exercise in athletes","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1111436","article-title":"Pre-exercise arginine supplementation increases time to exhaustion in elite male wrestlers","volume":"31","author":"Yavuz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74180-8_10","article-title":"Role of L-arginine in nitric oxide synthesis and health in humans","volume":"1332","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.6.4.525","article-title":"Effect of creatine supplementation on jumping performance in elite volleyball players","volume":"6","author":"Nadon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00803.x","article-title":"L-arginine-induced vasodilation in healthy humans: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship","volume":"46","author":"Galland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00883.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L-arginine in normal volunteers","volume":"47","author":"Tangphao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.01.008","article-title":"Two views of brain function","volume":"14","author":"Raichle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2007116","article-title":"Short-term oral administration of L-arginine improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"163","author":"Nagaya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","article-title":"Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science","volume":"41","author":"Hopkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/16\/9\/688\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:40:56Z","timestamp":1790077256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/16\/9\/688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo16090688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo16090688","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}