{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:32:41Z","timestamp":1784838761510,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013360","name":"Invest Northern Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INI-PoC406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INI-PoC406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-NCH2012B-5; ARUK-PPG2011B-8 and ARUK-Network2012-11]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-NCH2012B-5; ARUK-PPG2011B-8 and ARUK-Network2012-11]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain is a lipid-rich tissue, and fatty acids (FAs) play a crucial role in brain function, including neuronal cell growth and development. This study used GC-MS to survey all detectable FAs in the human parietal cortex (Brodmann area 7). These FAs were accurately quantified in 27 cognitively normal age-matched controls, 16 cases of moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), 30 severe AD, and 14 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). A total of 24 FA species were identified. Multiple comparison procedures, using stepdown permutation tests, noted higher levels of 13 FAs but the majority of changes were in moderate AD and DLB, rather than severe AD. Subjects with moderate AD and DLB pathology exhibited significantly higher levels of a number of FAs (13 FAs and 12 FAs, respectively). These included nervonic, lignoceric, cis-13,16-docosadienoic, arachidonic, cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic, erucic, behenic, \u03b1-linolenic, stearic, oleic, cis-10-heptanoic, and palmitic acids. The similarities between moderate AD and DLB were quite striking\u2014arachidic acid was the only FA which was higher in moderate AD than control, and was not similarly affected in DLB. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between moderate AD and DLB. The associations between each FA and a number of variables, including diagnosis, age, gender, A\u03b2 plaque load, tau load, and frontal tissue pH, were also investigated. To conclude, the development of AD or DLB pathology affects brain FA composition but, intriguingly, moderate AD neuropathology impacts this to a much greater extent. Post-mortem delay is a potential confounding factor, but the findings here suggest that there could be a more dynamic metabolic response in the earlier stages of the disease pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo8040069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T10:51:01Z","timestamp":1540551061000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Evidence That Parietal Lobe Fatty Acids May Be More Profoundly Affected in Moderate Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) Pathology Than in Severe AD Pathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Muhammad L.","family":"Nasaruddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 6AG, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 6AG, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7028-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadette","family":"McGuinness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast BT12 6BA, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Passmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast BT12 6BA, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7542-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick G.","family":"Kehoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-3260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"H\u00f6lscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longzihu University\r\nCampus, 156 Jinshui Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1001-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stewart F.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Research, Beaumont Research Institute 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA"},{"name":"Metabolomics Research, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 6AG, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.11.007","article-title":"The global prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"9","author":"Prince","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3505","article-title":"The amyloid cascade hypothesis for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An appraisal for the development of therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Karran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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