{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:22:50Z","timestamp":1792725770273,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tear film fluid serves as a dynamic barrier that both lubricates the eye and protects against allergens and infectious agents. However, a detailed analysis of a bacteria-induced immune response on the tear film lipidome has not been undertaken. Methods: We undertook a high-resolution mass spectrometry lipidomics analysis of endogenous anti-inflammatory and structural tear film lipids in bovine pink eye. Results: Bovine pink eye resulted in dramatic elevations in tear fluid levels of the anti-inflammatory lipids resolvin E2, cyclic phosphatidic acid 16:0, and cyclic phosphatidic acid 18:0. In addition, there were elevated levels of the structural lipids (O-acyl)-\u03c9-hydroxy-fatty acids, cholesterol sulfate, ethanolamine plasmalogens, and sphingomyelins. Lipid peroxidation also was augmented in pink eye as evidenced by the hydroperoxy derivatives of ethanolamine plasmalogens. Conclusions: Ocular infections with Moraxella bovis result in the induction of a number of endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids and augmentation of the levels of structural glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Increased levels of hydroperoxy glycerophospholipids also indicate that this bacterial infection results in lipid peroxidation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo8040081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1542878305000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tear Film Amphiphilic and Anti-Inflammatory Lipids in Bovine Pink Eye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle N.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Cebak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor G.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MacKenzie","family":"Treece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda M. J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97950","article-title":"The role of non-resolving inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Kasikara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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