{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:37:22Z","timestamp":1772786242077,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI067773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI067773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1RO1AI101798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1RO1AI101798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA051008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA051008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract HHSN272201500013I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract HHSN272201500013I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation damages tissues leading to physical symptoms which contribute to acute radiation syndrome. Radiation biodosimetry aims to determine characteristic early biomarkers indicative of radiation exposure and is necessary for effective triage after an unanticipated radiological incident. Radiation metabolomics can address this aim by assessing metabolic perturbations following exposure. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a standardized platform ideal for compound identification. We performed GC time-of-flight MS for the global profiling of nonhuman primate urine and serum samples up to 60 d after a single 4 Gy \u03b3-ray total body exposure. Multivariate statistical analysis showed higher group separation in urine vs. serum. We identified biofluid markers involved in amino acid, lipid, purine, and serotonin metabolism, some of which may indicate host microbiome dysbiosis. Sex differences were observed for amino acid fold changes in serum samples. Additionally, we explored mitochondrial dysfunction by tricarboxylic acid intermediate analysis in the first week with a GC tandem quadrupole MS platform. By adding this temporal component to our previous work exploring dose effects at 7 d, we observed the highest fold changes occurring at 3 d, returning closer to basal levels by 7 d. These results emphasize the utility of both MS-based metabolomics for biodosimetry and complementary analytical platforms for increased metabolome coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9050098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T11:37:40Z","timestamp":1557920260000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Temporal Effects on Radiation Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Identification of Biofluid Small Molecule Signatures by Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Evan","family":"Pannkuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evagelia","family":"Laiakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular &amp; Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Girgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dowd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waters Corporation, Milford, MA 01757, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Dhungana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waters Corporation, Milford, MA 01757, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Nishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Bujold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Citoxlab North America, Laval, QC H7V 4B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bakke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Gahagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Authier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Citoxlab North America, Laval, QC H7V 4B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polly","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Fornace, Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular &amp; Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncq449","article-title":"Occupational exposures worldwide and revision of international standards for protection","volume":"144","author":"Czarwinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat. 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