{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T19:26:17Z","timestamp":1763580377994,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerul Educa\u021biei \u0219i Cercet\u0103rii \u0218tiin\u021bifice","award":["61PCCDI\u20442018 PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61PCCDI\u20442018 PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0341"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The constant generation of reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) by lipid peroxidation during aerobic metabolism denotes their involvement in cell homeostasis. Skin represents the largest organ of the body that is exposed to lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the development of lichen planus (LP), a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a complex pathogenesis. The aim of our study is to investigate a panel of pro-oxidants (4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), the total antioxidant status (TAS), and thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters (TDHP), including total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), disulfides (DS), DS\/NT ratio, DS\/TT ratio, and NT\/TT ratio. The comparative determinations of serum levels of 4-HNE, TBARS, and MDA in patients with LP (n = 31) and controls (n = 26) show significant differences between the two groups (4-HNE: 7.81 \u00b1 1.96 \u00b5g\/mL vs. 6.15 \u00b1 1.17 \u00b5g\/mL, p &lt; 0.05, TBARS: 4.23 \u00b1 0.59 \u00b5mol\/L vs. 1.99 \u00b1 0.23 \u00b5mol\/L, p &lt; 0.05, MDA: 32.3 \u00b1 6.26 ng\/mL vs. 21.26 \u00b1 2.36 ng\/mL). The serum levels of TAS are lower in LP patients compared to the control group (269.83 \u00b1 42.63 \u00b5mol\/L vs. 316.46 \u00b1 28.76 \u00b5mol\/L, p &lt; 0.05). The serum levels of TDHP are altered in LP patients compared to controls (NT: 388.10 \u00b1 11.32 \u00b5mol\/L vs. 406.85 \u00b1 9.32., TT: 430.23 \u00b1 9.93 \u00b5mol\/L vs. 445.88 \u00b1 9.01 \u00b5mol\/L, DS: 21.06 \u00b1 1.76 \u00b5mol\/L vs. 19.52 \u00b1 0.77\u00b5mol\/L). Furthermore, a negative association between pro-oxidants and TAS is identified (4-HNE \u2013 rho = \u22120.83, p &lt; 0.01, TBARS \u2013 rho = \u22120.63, p &lt; 0.01, and MDA \u2013 rho = \u22120.69, p &lt; 0.01). Understanding the mechanisms by which bioactive aldehydes exert their biological effects on the skin could help define effective therapeutical strategies to counteract the cytotoxic effects of these reactive metabolic intermediates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9100213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T04:12:52Z","timestamp":1570162372000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reactive Carbonyl Species as Potential Pro-Oxidant Factors Involved in Lichen Planus Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Madalina","family":"Mitran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCantacuzino\u201d National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilinca","family":"Nicolae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mircea","family":"Tampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCantacuzino\u201d National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cProf. N. Paulescu\u201d National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sarbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Ene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201dCarol Davila\u201d Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest; Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCantacuzino\u201d National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360438","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. 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