{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1790617096404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recognizing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a matter of great concern because this condition can significantly affect the newborn\u2019s short- and long-term health. Ever since the first suggestion of the \u201cthrifty phenotype hypothesis\u201d in the last decade of the 20th century, a number of studies have confirmed the association between low birth weight and cardiometabolic syndrome later in life. During intrauterine life, the growth-restricted fetus makes a number of hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal adjustments to cope with the adverse uterine environment, and these changes may become permanent and irreversible. Despite advances in our knowledge of IUGR newborns, biomarkers capable of identifying this condition early on, and stratifying its severity both pre- and postnatally, are still lacking. We are also still unsure about these babies\u2019 trajectory of postnatal growth and their specific nutritional requirements with a view to preventing, or at least limiting, long-term complications. In this setting, untargeted metabolomics\u2014a relatively new field of \u2018-omics\u2019 research\u2014can be a good way to investigate the metabolic perturbations typically associated with IUGR. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a general overview of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of IUGR, focusing on evidence emerging from metabolomic studies. Though still only preliminary, the reports emerging so far suggest an \u201cearly\u201d pattern of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, catabolite accumulation, and altered amino acid metabolism in IUGR neonates. Further, larger studies are needed to confirm these results and judge their applicability to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9110267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T06:52:36Z","timestamp":1573109556000},"page":"267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Priante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Verlato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Research, \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d Foundation, 35129 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Stocchero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Mardegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Baraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Research, \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d Foundation, 35129 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.05.013","article-title":"The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the \u201cFirst 1000 Days\u201d","volume":"175","author":"Cusick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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