{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:39:46Z","timestamp":1790545186045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003032","name":"Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/1089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/1089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIFE17 ENV\/FR\/000330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE17 ENV\/FR\/000330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following the fast development of microfluidics over the last decade, the need for methods for mixing two gases in flow at an overall flow rate ranging from 1 to 100 NmL\u00b7min\u22121 with programmable mixing ratios has been quickly increasing in many fields of application, especially in the calibration of analytical devices such as air pollution sensors. This work investigates numerically the mixing of pure gas pulses at flow rates in the range 1\u2013100 NmL\u00b7min\u22121 in a newly designed multi-stage and modular micromixer composed of 4 buffer tanks of 300 \u00b5L each per stage. Results indicate that, for a 1 s pulse of pure gas (formaldehyde) followed by a 9 s pulse of pure carrier gas (air), that is a pulses ratio of 1\/10, an effective mixing up to 94\u201396% can be readily obtained at the exit of the micromixer. This is achieved in less than 20 s for any flow rate ranging from 1 to 100 NmL\u00b7min\u22121 simply by adjusting the number of stages, 1 to 16 respectively. By using an already diluted gas bottle containing 100 ppm of a given compound in an inert gas same as the carrier gas, concentrations ranging from 10 to 90 ppm should be obtained by adjusting the pulses ratio between 1\/10 and 9\/10 respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi10030205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T05:03:12Z","timestamp":1553662992000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Design of a Novel Axial Gas Pulses Micromixer and Simulations of its Mixing Abilities via Computational Fluid Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICPEES UMR 7515, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg\/CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"In\u2019Air Solutions, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut Charles Sadron (ICS) UPR 22, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg\/CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe A.","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Charles Sadron (ICS) UPR 22, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg\/CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Le Calv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICPEES UMR 7515, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg\/CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"In\u2019Air Solutions, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1358","article-title":"A fast gas-mixing system for breath-to-breath respiratory control studies","volume":"52","author":"Robbins","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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