{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:51:01Z","timestamp":1791777061620,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61603002, 61973003, 61773274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61603002, 61973003, 61773274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional injection and extraction devices often appear painful and cumbersome for patients. In recent years, polymer microneedles (MNs) have become a novel tool in the field of clinical medicine and health. However, the cost of building MNs into any shapes still remains a challenge. In this paper, we proposed hydrogel microneedles fabricated by high-precision digital light processing (H-P DLP) 3D printing system. Benefits from the sharp protuberance and micro-porous of the hydrogel microneedle, the microneedle performed multifunctional tasks such as drug delivery and detection with minimally invasion. Critical parameters for the fabrication process were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of MNs were measured to find a balance between precision and stiffness. Results shows that the stiffness and precision were significantly influenced by exposure time of each layer, and optimized printing parameters provided a balance between precision and stiffness. Bio-compatible MNs based on our H-P DLP system was able to execute drug injection and drug detection in our experiments. This work provided a low-cost and fast method to build MNs with 3D building, qualified the mechanical performance, drug injection, drug detection ability of MNs, and may be helpful for the potential clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11010017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T05:56:15Z","timestamp":1577166975000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["3D Printed Multi-Functional Hydrogel Microneedles Based on High-Precision Digital Light Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University and Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University and Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China"},{"name":"IAT-Chungu Joint Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing, Anhui Chungu 3D printing Institute of Intelligent Equipment and Industrial Technology, Wuhu 241200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runhuai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University and Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.06.016","article-title":"Bio-inspired clamping microneedle arrays from flexible ferrofluid-configured moldings","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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