{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:41:28Z","timestamp":1790710888174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Patients with glaucoma generally experience elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP), followed by RGC death, peripheral vision loss and eventually blindness. However, despite the substantial economic and health-related impact of glaucoma-related morbidity worldwide, the surgical and pharmacological management of glaucoma is still limited to maintaining IOP within a normal range. This is in large part because the underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms by which glaucomatous changes occur are still unclear. In the present review article, we describe current tissue-engineered models of the intraocular space that aim to advance the state of glaucoma research. Specifically, we critically evaluate and compare both 2D and 3D-culture models of the trabecular meshwork and nerve fiber layer, both of which are key players in glaucoma pathophysiology. Finally, we point out the need for novel organ-on-a-chip models of glaucoma that functionally integrate currently available 3D models of the retina and the trabecular outflow pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11060612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T08:54:50Z","timestamp":1592988890000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Tissue-Engineered Models for Glaucoma Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4139-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Soden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5328-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esak","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: A review","volume":"311","author":"Weinreb","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0","article-title":"Primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"363","author":"Weinreb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.12.003","article-title":"Primary angle closure glaucoma: What we know and what we don\u2019t know","volume":"57","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Glaucoma history and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"McMonnies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.44151","article-title":"Recent advances in pharmacotherapy of glaucoma","volume":"40","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.04.029","article-title":"The aqueous humor outflow pathways in glaucoma: A unifying concept of disease mechanisms and causative treatment","volume":"95","author":"Braunger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"563","article-title":"Normal-tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics","volume":"17","author":"Trivli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"834","article-title":"Regenerating Eye Tissues to Preserve and Restore Vision","volume":"22","author":"Stern","year":"2018","journal-title":"CellStemCell"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, D.-Y., Cringle, S.J., and Morgan, W.H. (2019). Glaucoma Related Ocular Structure and Function. Medical Treatment of Glaucoma, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-2733-9_1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101004010052","article-title":"Aqueous humor dynamics: A review","volume":"4","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201400133","article-title":"Vitreous humor in the pathologic scope: Insights from proteomic approaches","volume":"9","author":"Monteiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proteom. Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remington, L.A. (2012). Retina. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System, Butterworth-Heinemann.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1926-0.10004-9"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(1997). Orbital and ocular anatomy. Textbook of Ophthalmology, Williams and Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perumal, N., Manicam, C., Steinicke, M., Funke, S., Pfeiffer, N., and Grus, F.H. (2017). Characterization of the human aqueous humour proteome: A comparison of the genders. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172481"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2590(05)10005-6","article-title":"Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium","volume":"10","author":"Delamere","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Organ. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Ritch, R., Shields, M.B., and Krupin, T. (1989). Measurement of aqueous flow by fluorophotometry. The Glaucomas, Mosby."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(58)91272-8","article-title":"The decline in aqueous secretion and outflow facility with age","volume":"46","author":"Becker","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"3145","article-title":"Flow of aqueous humor in humans [The Friedenwald Lecture]","volume":"32","author":"Brubaker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0148-6","article-title":"Effect of age on the morphologies of the human Schlemm\u2019s canal and trabecular meshwork measured with sweptsource optical coherence tomography","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02133672","article-title":"Measurement with fluorophotometry: I. Plasma binding. II. Anterior segment, and III. Aqueous humor flow","volume":"222","author":"Brubaker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"912","article-title":"Structural differences between regions of the ciliary body in primates","volume":"16","author":"Hara","year":"1977","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Civan, M.M. (1998). Molecular approaches to the study of the Na+-K+-ATPase and chloride channels in the ocular ciliary epithelium. The Eye\u2019s Aqueous Humor, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-0122-z","article-title":"Localization and ontogeny of aquaporin-1 and -4 expression in iris and ciliary epithelial cells in rats","volume":"325","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X., and Dai, Y. (2019). Mechanism Theories of Glaucoma. Medical Treatment of Glaucoma, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-2733-9"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(73)90094-8","article-title":"The role of ciliary blood flow and ultrafiltration in aqueous humor formation","volume":"16","author":"Bill","year":"1973","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.10.003","article-title":"Changes in aqueous humor dynamics with age and glaucoma","volume":"24","author":"Gabelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.021","article-title":"The ins and outs of aqueous humour secretion","volume":"78","author":"Civan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rong, X., and Li, M. (2018). Advanced glaucoma secondary to bilateral idiopathic dilated episcleral veins\u2014A case report. BMC Ophthalmol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0892-1"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.01.017","article-title":"Unconventional aqueous humor outflow: A review","volume":"158","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Hassan, D.W., Acott, T.S., and Kelley, M.J. (2014). The Trabecular Meshwork: A Basic Review of Form and Function. J. Ocul. Biol., 2.","DOI":"10.13188\/2334-2838.1000017"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17753","article-title":"Anatomical Variation of Human Collector Channel Orifices","volume":"57","author":"Bentley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.03.011","article-title":"Pulsatile flow into the aqueous veins: Manifestations in normal and glaucomatous eyes","volume":"92","author":"Johnstone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.43","article-title":"The uveoscleral outflow routes","volume":"11","author":"Nilsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2013.0179","article-title":"Effects of prostaglandin analogues on aqueous humor outflow pathways","volume":"30","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.11.008","article-title":"Mechanobiology of trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"88","author":"WuDunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6019","article-title":"Outflow physiology of the mouse eye: Pressure dependence and washout","volume":"52","author":"Lei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.048710","article-title":"Intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure: Longitudinal perspective: The Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"89","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-034120","article-title":"The types of retinal ganglion cells: Current status and implications for neuronal classification","volume":"38","author":"Sanes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7412","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10515","article-title":"The shape of the ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layers of the normal human macula","volume":"53","author":"Knighton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Kolb, H., Fernandez, E., and Nelson, R. (2001). Visual Responses of Ganglion Cells. Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System, University of Utah Health Sciences Center."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Goetz, C.G. (2003). Textbook of Clinical Neurology, Saunders."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2010.2084567","article-title":"Retinal imaging and image analysis","volume":"3","author":"Abramoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900770310","article-title":"The number of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the optic nerve of vertebrates","volume":"77","author":"Bruesch","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.07.025","article-title":"Retinal metabolism: A comparative look at energetics in the retina","volume":"1672","author":"Country","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4391","article-title":"Divergent roles of nitric oxide and rho kinase in vasomotor regulation of human retinal arterioles","volume":"51","author":"Hein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.43","article-title":"Control of retinal and choroidal blood flow","volume":"4","author":"Bill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004","article-title":"Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"Kur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.07.001","article-title":"Critical pathogenic events underlying progression of neurodegeneration in glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Calkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl045","article-title":"The optic nerve: A new window into cerebrospinal fluid composition?","volume":"129","author":"Killer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00008-3","article-title":"The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Flammer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2015.1114855","article-title":"Translating the Low Translaminar Cribrosa Pressure Gradient Hypothesis into the Clinical Care of Glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Guy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2228","article-title":"Intracranial pressure in primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, and ocular hypertension: A case-control study","volume":"49","author":"Berdahl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Energy metabolism and supply of VP to the fast axoplasmic transport mechanism in nerve","volume":"33","author":"Ochs","year":"1974","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.352","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell layer thickness and local visual field sensitivity in glaucoma","volume":"129","author":"Raza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1056","article-title":"Glaucomatous cupping--appearance, pathogenesis, detection","volume":"49","author":"Alexander","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(81)90056-8","article-title":"The normal cup-disk ratio","volume":"91","author":"Carpel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)92704-X","article-title":"Optic disc hemorrhages in a population with and without signs of glaucoma","volume":"105","author":"Healey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.5","article-title":"The structure of the lamina cribrosa of the human eye: An immunocytochemical and electron microscopical study","volume":"4","author":"Elkington","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.791","article-title":"The distribution of mitochondrial activity in relation to optic nerve structure","volume":"120","author":"Bristow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellano, B., Gonz\u00e1lez, B., and Nieto-Sampedro, M. (1998). Astroglial Architecture of the Human Optic Nerve: Functional Role of Astrocytes. Understanding Glial Cells, Springer US.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5737-1"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00317-7","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of human optic nerve head astroglia","volume":"36","author":"Trivino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreri, F.M. (2019). Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function. Optic Nerve, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.72958"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Kwak, S.W., Kang, E.M., Kim, G.A., Lee, S.Y., Bae, H.W., Seong, G.J., and Kim, C.Y. (2016). Estimated Trans-Lamina Cribrosa Pressure Differences in Low-Teen and High-Teen Intraocular Pressure Normal Tension Glaucoma: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148412"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonas, J.B., Nangia, V., Wang, N., Bhate, K., Nangia, P., Nangia, P., Yang, D., Xie, X., and Panda-Jonas, S. (2013). Trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference and open-angle glaucoma. The central India eye and medical study. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082284"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"1419","article-title":"The correlation between cerebrospinal fluid pressure and retrolaminar tissue pressure","volume":"39","author":"Morgan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1163","article-title":"The influence of cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the lamina cribrosa tissue pressure gradient","volume":"36","author":"Morgan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12333","article-title":"The interaction between intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure and lamina cribrosal compression in glaucoma","volume":"99","author":"McMonnies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0831-9","article-title":"Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure at the Lamina Cribrosa: Gradient Effects","volume":"18","author":"Johannesson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010139020","article-title":"Regional differences in the structure of the lamina cribrosa and their relation to glaucomatous optic nerve damage","volume":"99","author":"Quigley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.08.004","article-title":"Glaucomatous cupping of the lamina cribrosa: A review of the evidence for active progressive remodeling as a mechanism","volume":"93","author":"Downs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0174","article-title":"Anatomic relationship between lamina cribrosa, intraocular space, and cerebrospinal fluid space","volume":"44","author":"Jonas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"750","article-title":"High myopia as a risk factor in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.3.286","article-title":"Histomorphometry of the optic disc in highly myopic eyes with absolute secondary angle closure glaucoma","volume":"82","author":"Dichtl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010635009","article-title":"Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma. II. The site of injury and susceptibility to damage","volume":"99","author":"Quigley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Yu, D.Y., Cringle, S.J., and Morgan, W.H. (2019). Mechanism Theories of Glaucoma In Medical Treatment of Glaucoma, Springer."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060400","article-title":"Studies of optineurin, a glaucoma gene: Golgi fragmentation and cell death from overexpression of wild-type and mutant optineurin in two ocular cell types","volume":"169","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1974.01010010297004","article-title":"Angle-closure glaucoma secondary to ciliary body swelling","volume":"92","author":"Phelps","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.80","article-title":"What\u2019s the choroid got to do with angle closure?","volume":"127","author":"Quigley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2016.1170261","article-title":"Pro-fibrotic pathway activation in trabecular meshwork and lamina cribrosa is the main driving force of glaucoma","volume":"15","author":"Zhavoronkov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"815","article-title":"Pro370Leu mutant myocilin impairs mitochondrial functions in human trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.07.014","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in the trabecular meshwork: Intraocular pressure regulation and dysregulation in glaucoma","volume":"133","author":"Vranka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Roberts, C.J., Dupps, W.J., and Downs, J.C. (2018). Iris Biomechanics. Biomechanics of the Eye, Kugler Publications."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.03.013","article-title":"Long-term risk of glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery","volume":"156","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10078-1236","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Uveitic Glaucoma","volume":"12","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Curr. Glaucoma Pract."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10028-1226","article-title":"Steroid-induced Glaucoma: An Avoidable Irreversible Blindness","volume":"11","author":"Phulke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Curr. Glaucoma Pract."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000310782","article-title":"Trabecular meshwork phagocytosis in glaucomatous eyes","volume":"211","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Juxtacanalicular Region of Ocular Trabecular Meshwork: A Tissue with a Unique Extracellular Matrix and Specialized Function","volume":"1","author":"Keller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Biol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0875","article-title":"Extracellular matrix gene alternative splicing by trabecular meshwork cells in response to mechanical stretching","volume":"48","author":"Keller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49482-6","article-title":"Prion protein modulates endothelial to mesenchyme-like transition in trabecular meshwork cells: Implications for primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Ashok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.06.034","article-title":"A biomimetic Schlemm\u2019s canal inner wall: A model to study outflow physiology, glaucoma pathology and high-throughput drug screening","volume":"65","author":"Dautriche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0708415","article-title":"Review of the activation of TGF-beta in immunity","volume":"85","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7836","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12494","article-title":"Anti-connective tissue growth factor antibody treatment reduces extracellular matrix production in trabecular meshwork and lamina cribrosa cells","volume":"54","author":"Wallace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301132","article-title":"The role of transforming growth factor beta in glaucoma and the therapeutic implications","volume":"97","author":"Prendes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1060","article-title":"TGFbeta2-induced changes in human trabecular meshwork: Implications for intraocular pressure","volume":"47","author":"Fleenor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00845-x","article-title":"TGF-beta induces phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog: Implications for fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork tissue in glaucoma","volume":"7","author":"Tellios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17060","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2017.60","article-title":"Prdx6 retards senescence and restores trabecular meshwork cell health by regulating reactive oxygen species","volume":"3","author":"Chhunchha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2005.11.001","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in glaucoma","volume":"612","author":"Izzotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16220","article-title":"Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells and Tissues","volume":"56","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14938-0","article-title":"Increased synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the trabecular meshwork","volume":"7","author":"Kasetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41524-3","article-title":"The LRRC8-mediated volume-regulated anion channel is altered in glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Gasull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.2100","article-title":"Rho\/Rho-associated kinase pathway in glaucoma (Review)","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.07.012","article-title":"Smad-independent TGF-beta2 signaling pathways in human trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"158","author":"Pervan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17411","article-title":"Vascular Normalization by ROCK Inhibitor: Therapeutic Potential of Ripasudil (K-115) Eye Drop in Retinal Angiogenesis and Hypoxia","volume":"57","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Human trabecular cells. I. Establishment in tissue culture and growth characteristics","volume":"18","author":"Polansky","year":"1979","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5300.668","article-title":"Identification of a gene that causes primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"275","author":"Stone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.07.013","article-title":"Model systems for the study of steroid-induced IOP elevation","volume":"158","author":"Rybkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000169397.32674.5e","article-title":"Trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral outflow models","volume":"14","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Modulation of myocilin\/TIGR expression in human trabecular meshwork","volume":"40","author":"Tamm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Kim, B., Roberts, C.J., Mahmoud, A.M., Weber, P., and Zhao, Y. (2011, January 2\u20136). Effect of topographic cues on in vitro cultured trabecular meshwork endothelial cells. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1192","article-title":"Response of human trabecular meshwork cells to topographic cues on the nanoscale level","volume":"49","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"4880","article-title":"Investigation of Microtopography Regulated Human Trabecular Meshwork Culture for Glaucoma Treatment","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25899","article-title":"Bioengineered glaucomatous 3D human trabecular meshwork as an in vitro disease model","volume":"113","author":"Torrejon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.11.003","article-title":"A model of giant vacuole dynamics in human Schlemm\u2019s canal endothelial cells","volume":"92","author":"Pedrigi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.09.032","article-title":"An injectable peptide hydrogel for reconstruction of the human trabecular meshwork","volume":"100","author":"Waduthanthri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.04.012","article-title":"Walking through trabecular meshwork biology: Toward engineering design of outflow physiology","volume":"32","author":"Dautriche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"1836","article-title":"Trabecular meshwork cells grown on filters. Conductivity and cytochalasin effects","volume":"29","author":"Perkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38319","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38319","article-title":"TGFbeta2-induced outflow alterations in a bioengineered trabecular meshwork are offset by a rho-associated kinase inhibitor","volume":"6","author":"Torrejon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.24977","article-title":"Recreating a human trabecular meshwork outflow system on microfabricated porous structures","volume":"110","author":"Torrejon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"3272","article-title":"Bioengineering Human Trabecular Meshwork for Glaucoma Therapeutic Screening","volume":"53","author":"Torrejon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.01.033","article-title":"A bioengineering approach to Schlemm\u2019s canal-like stem cell differentiation for in vitro glaucoma drug screening","volume":"105","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26206","article-title":"Collagen and collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds with uniaxially aligned pores for the biomimetic, three dimensional culture of trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"114","author":"Osmond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2017.02.006","article-title":"Effect of benzalkonium chloride on trabecular meshwork cells in a new in vitro 3D trabecular meshwork model for glaucoma","volume":"41","author":"Bouchemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Human trabecular meshwork cell survival is dependent on perfusion rate","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.11.071","article-title":"The effect of biophysical attributes of the ocular trabecular meshwork associated with glaucoma on the cell response to therapeutic agents","volume":"32","author":"McKee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinman, H.K., and Martin, G.R. (2005). Matrigel: Basement membrane matrix with biological activity. Proceedings of Seminars in Cancer Biology, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.05.004"},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Huff, R., Osmond, M., and Krebs, M. (2020, June 23). In vitro 3D bioprinting trabecular meshwork models using organic hydrogels. Available online: https:\/\/mountainscholar.org\/handle\/11124\/171213."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002","article-title":"The molecular basis of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Almasieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S.D., Wu, C.L., Hwang, W.C., and Yang, D.I. (2017). More Insight into BDNF against Neurodegeneration: Anti-Apoptosis, Anti-Oxidation, and Suppression of Autophagy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030545"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.02.004","article-title":"Neurotrophin roles in retinal ganglion cell survival: Lessons from rat glaucoma models","volume":"88","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"3460","article-title":"Retrograde Axonal Transport of BDNF in Retinal Ganglion Cells Is Blocked by Acute IOP Elevation in Rats","volume":"41","author":"Quigley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180419121247","article-title":"Glaucoma Pathogenesis and Neurotrophins: Focus on the Molecular and Genetic Basis for Therapeutic Prospects","volume":"16","author":"Chitranshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302791","article-title":"AAV-mediated expression of CNTF promotes long-term survival and regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cells","volume":"13","author":"Leaver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207556","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases in apoptosis regulation","volume":"23","author":"Wada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6962","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-06962.2000","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection of adult rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo does not exclusively depend on phosphatidyl-inositol-3\u2032-kinase\/protein kinase B signaling","volume":"20","author":"Kermer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2017.08.003","article-title":"ASK1 in neurodegeneration","volume":"66","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)01129-1","article-title":"Involvement of the Bcl2 gene family in the signaling and control of retinal ganglion cell death","volume":"Volume 173","author":"Nucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"2693","article-title":"The p53 activators ASPP1 and ASPP2 regulate retinal ganglion cell death in vivo via regulation of Fas and PUMA","volume":"52","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207523","article-title":"Toxic proteins released from mitochondria in cell death","volume":"23","author":"Saelens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5644","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5956-09.2010","article-title":"Metabolic vulnerability disposes retinal ganglion cell axons to dysfunction in a model of glaucomatous degeneration","volume":"30","author":"Baltan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00146","article-title":"Metabolic Vulnerability in the Neurodegenerative Disease Glaucoma","volume":"11","author":"Inman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"1787","article-title":"TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor-1 in the retina of normal and glaucomatous eyes","volume":"42","author":"Tezel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8693","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08693.2000","article-title":"Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by glial cells exposed to simulated ischemia or elevated hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in cocultured retinal ganglion cells","volume":"20","author":"Tezel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.4.1428-1440.2003","article-title":"Two adjacent trimeric Fas ligands are required for Fas signaling and formation of a death-inducing signaling complex","volume":"23","author":"Holler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1586\/17469899.2015.1026329","article-title":"Towards the development of a human glaucoma disease-in-a-dish model using stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.02.027","article-title":"Tissue engineering the retinal ganglion cell nerve fiber layer","volume":"34","author":"Kador","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2015.0373","article-title":"Control of Retinal Ganglion Cell Positioning and Neurite Growth: Combining 3D Printing with Radial Electrospun Scaffolds","volume":"22","author":"Kador","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45510-7","article-title":"An in vitro pressure model towards studying the response of primary retinal ganglion cells to elevated hydrostatic pressures","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.08.032","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell polarization using immobilized guidance cues on a tissue-engineered scaffold","volume":"10","author":"Kador","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119449109","article-title":"Full-length axon regeneration in the adult mouse optic nerve and partial recovery of simple visual behaviors","volume":"109","author":"Koriyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.02.032","article-title":"HiPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells grow dendritic arbors and functional axons on a tissue-engineered scaffold","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.04.048","article-title":"A tunable synthetic hydrogel system for culture of retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells","volume":"9","author":"Hertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20540","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04679","article-title":"A Self-Assembling Injectable Biomimetic Microenvironment Encourages Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Extension in Vitro","volume":"8","author":"Laughter","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240309797","article-title":"Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo","volume":"97","author":"Gronthos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.01.038","article-title":"In vitro differentiation of retinal ganglion-like cells from embryonic stem cell derived neural progenitors","volume":"380","author":"Jagatha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.12.069","article-title":"Dental pulp stem cells differentiation into retinal ganglion-like cells in a three dimensional network","volume":"457","author":"Roozafzoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["Micromachines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/11\/6\/612\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:42:19Z","timestamp":1760175739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/11\/6\/612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["mi11060612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi11060612","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-666X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-666X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]}}}