{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:42:24Z","timestamp":1768830144531,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007436","name":"Familjen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical DNA mapping (ODM) has developed into an important technique for DNA analysis, where single DNA molecules are sequence-specifically labeled and stretched, for example, in nanofluidic channels. We have developed an ODM assay to analyze bacterial plasmids\u2014circular extrachromosomal DNA that often carry genes that make bacteria resistant to antibiotics. As for most techniques, the next important step is to increase throughput and automation. In this work, we designed and fabricated a nanofluidic device that, together with a simple automation routine, allows parallel analysis of up to 10 samples at the same time. Using plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), isolated from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, we demonstrate the multiplexing capabilities of the device when it comes to both many samples in parallel and different resistance genes. As a final example, we combined the device with a novel protocol for rapid cultivation and extraction of plasmids from fecal samples collected from patients. This combined protocol will make it possible to analyze many patient samples in one device already on the day the sample is collected, which is an important step forward for the ODM analysis of plasmids in clinical diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12101234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T21:45:32Z","timestamp":1633988732000},"page":"1234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Parallelized Nanofluidic Device for High-Throughput Optical DNA Mapping of Bacterial Plasmids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriram","family":"KK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yii-Lih","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsegaye","family":"Sewunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Wrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linus","family":"Sandegren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Giske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Westerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0495-432","article-title":"Optical mapping of lambda bacteriophage clones using restriction endonucleases","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. 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