{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T03:30:51Z","timestamp":1781321451297,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61775181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775181"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61378083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61378083"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51927804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51927804"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2016ZDJC-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZDJC-15"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["S2018-ZC-TD-0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2018-ZC-TD-0061"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61775181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61378083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61378083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51927804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51927804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016ZDJC-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZDJC-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2018-ZC-TD-0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2018-ZC-TD-0061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province-Major Basic Research Project","award":["61775181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775181"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province-Major Basic Research Project","award":["61378083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61378083"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province-Major Basic Research Project","award":["51927804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51927804"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province-Major Basic Research Project","award":["2016ZDJC-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZDJC-15"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province-Major Basic Research Project","award":["S2018-ZC-TD-0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2018-ZC-TD-0061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is of great fundamental significance and practical application to understand the binding sites and dynamic process of the interaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and DNA molecules. Based on the Confocal Raman spectroscopy, the interaction between DOX and calf thymus DNA has been systemically investigated, and some meaningful findings have been found. DOX molecules can not only interact with all four bases of DNA molecules, i.e., adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and phosphate, but also affect the DNA conformation. Meanwhile, the binding site of DOX and its derivatives such as daunorubicin and epirubicin is certain. Furthermore, the interaction between DOX and DNA molecules is a dynamic process since the intensities of each characteristic peaks of the base, e.g., adenine, cytosine, and phosphate, are all regularly changed with the interaction time. Finally, a dynamic mechanism model of the interaction between DOX and DNA molecules is proposed; that is, there are two kinds of interaction between DOX and DNA molecules: DOX-DNA acts to form a complex, and DOX-DOX acts to form a multimer. The two effects are competitive, as the former compresses DNA molecules, and the latter decompresses these DNA molecules. This work is helpful for accurately understanding and developing new drugs and pathways to improve and treat DOX-induced cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13060940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1655157638000},"page":"940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Mechanism of Dynamic Interaction between Doxorubicin and Calf Thymus DNA at the Single-Molecule Level Based on Confocal Raman Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruihong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaige","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.111884","article-title":"Electrochemical determination of anticancer drug Bendamustine and its interaction with double strand DNA in the absence and presence of quercetin","volume":"205","author":"Erol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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