{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T04:30:44Z","timestamp":1762057844661,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polar Project-Tethered Balloon","award":["XDA20100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20100200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared with other physiotherapy devices, epidermal electronic systems (EES) used in medical applications such as hyperthermia have obvious advantages of conformal attachment, lightness and high efficiency. The stretchable flexible electrode is an indispensable component. The structurally designed flexible inorganic stretchable electrode has the advantage of stable electrical properties under tensile deformation and has received enough attention. However, the space between the patterned electrodes introduced to ensure the tensile properties will inevitably lead to the uneven temperature distribution of the thermotherapy electrodes and degrade the effect of thermotherapy. It is of great practical value to study the temperature uniformity of the stretchable patterned electrode. In order to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution in the heat transfer system with stretchable electrodes, a temperature distribution manipulation strategy for orthotropic substrates is proposed in this paper. A theoretical model of the orthotropic heat transfer system based on the horseshoe-shaped mesh electrode is established. Combined with finite element analysis, the effect of the orthotropic substrate on the uniformity of temperature distribution in three types of heat source heat transfer systems is studied based on this model. The influence of the thermal conductivity ratio in different directions on the temperature distribution is studied parametrically, which will help to guide the design and fabrication of the stretchable electrode that can produce a uniform temperature distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13071133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1658143943000},"page":"1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Analytic Orthotropic Heat Conduction Model for the Stretchable Network Heaters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zeqing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1912-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingli","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (USETC), Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Powder Technology Research and Development, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3045-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2892-6","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive and resilient compliant strain gauges for soft machines","volume":"587","author":"Araromi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106777","article-title":"A bioinspired three-dimensional integrated e-skin for multiple mechanical stimuli recognition","volume":"92","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc9735","article-title":"Nanomesh pressure sensor for monitoring finger manipulation without sensory interference","volume":"370","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2832","article-title":"Flexible polymer transistors with high pressure sensitivity for application in electronic skin and health monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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