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Early detection in gastric cancer patients and immediate treatment contribute significantly to the protection of human health. However, routine gastric cancer examinations carry the risk of complications and are time-consuming. We proposed a framework to predict gastric cancer non-invasively and conveniently. A total of 703 tongue images were acquired using a bespoke tongue image capture instrument, then a dataset containing subjects with and without gastric cancer was created. As the images acquired by this instrument contain non-tongue areas, the Deeplabv3+ network was applied for tongue segmentation to reduce the interference in feature extraction. Nine tongue features were extracted, relationships between tongue features and gastric cancer were explored by using statistical methods and deep learning, finally a prediction framework for gastric cancer was designed. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework had a strong detection ability, with an accuracy of 93.6%. The gastric cancer prediction framework created by combining statistical methods and deep learning proposes a scheme for exploring the relationships between gastric cancer and tongue features. This framework contributes to the effective early diagnosis of patients with gastric cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:58:01Z","timestamp":1672117081000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Framework to Predict Gastric Cancer Based on Tongue Features and Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuzhang","family":"Men","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-4003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31288-5","article-title":"Gastric cancer","volume":"396","author":"Smyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.03.046","article-title":"Discovery of biomarkers for gastric cancer: A proteomics approach","volume":"75","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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