{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:32:20Z","timestamp":1793032340482,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, the widespread use of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in various industries poses a risk in terms of their potential toxicity. A number of experimental studies provide evidence of the toxic effect of TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs on biological objects. In order to supplement the level of knowledge and assess the risks of toxicity and danger of TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs, we decided to conduct a comprehensive experiment to study the embryonic toxicity of TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs in pregnant rats. For the experiment, mongrel white rats during pregnancy received aqueous dispersions of powders of TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs at a dose of 100 mg\/kg\/day. To characterize the effect of TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs on females and the postnatal ontogenesis of offspring, a complex of physiological and biochemical research methods was used. The results of the experiment showed that TiO2 NPs as ZrO2 NPs (100 mg\/kg per os) cause few shifts of similar orientation in the maternal body. Neither TiO2 NPs nor ZrO2 NPs have an embryonic and teratogenic effect on the offspring in utero, but both modify its postnatal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14020363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1675221767000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Study of the Embryonic Toxicity of TiO2 and ZrO2 Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elena Nikolaevna","family":"Lyashenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Pediatrics, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V.I. 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Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia Konstantinovna","family":"Dorofeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pediatrics, Rostov State Medical University, 344009 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said-Umar Sithalil-ugli","family":"Ibragimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Pediatrics, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arslan Ayavovich","family":"Tatamov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University, 367029 Makhachkala, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albina Gamdullaevna","family":"Avkaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University, 367029 Makhachkala, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia Alekseevna","family":"Mikhailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Stavropol State Medical University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga Shamilevna","family":"Tuaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and Prevention, North Ossetian State Medical Academy, 362019 Vladikavkaz, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruslan Kazbekovich","family":"Esiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, North Ossetian State Medical Academy, 362019 Vladikavkaz, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei Dmitrievich","family":"Mezentsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the National Research, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 125009 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Alexandrovna","family":"Gubanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armavir State Pedagogical University, 352901 Armavir, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya Grigorevna","family":"Bondarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy of History of Law, Pyatigorsk Branch of North Caucasus Federal University, 357502 Pyatigorsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Yurievna","family":"Maslova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Stavropol State Medical University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia"},{"name":"SocMedica, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000362163","article-title":"Embryonic Toxicity of Nanoparticles","volume":"199","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40089-017-0221-3","article-title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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