{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:03:39Z","timestamp":1782367419674,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11932010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11932010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to ethical issues and the nature of the ear, it is difficult to directly perform experimental measurements on living body elements of the human ear. Therefore, a numerical model has been developed to effectively assess the effect of the replacement of artificial ossicles on hearing in the inner ear. A healthy volunteer\u2019s right ear was scanned to obtain CT data, which were digitalized through the use of a self-compiling program and coalescent Patran-Nastran software to establish a 3D numerical model of the whole ear, and a frequency response of a healthy human ear was analyzed. The vibration characteristics of the basilar membrane (BM) after total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) implantation were then analyzed. The results show that although the sound conduction function of the middle ear was restored after replacement of the TORP, the sensory sound function of the inner ear was affected. In the low frequency and medium frequency range, hearing loss was 5.2~10.7%. Meanwhile, in the middle\u2013high frequency range, the replacement of a middle ear TORP in response to high sound pressure produced a high acoustic stimulation effect in the inner ear, making the inner ear structures susceptible to fatigue and more prone to fatigue damage compared to the structures in healthy individuals. This developed model is able to assess the effects of surgical operation on the entire hearing system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14020483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T04:58:23Z","timestamp":1676869103000},"page":"483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of an Assessment Model for the Effect of the Replacement of Minimal Artificial Ossicles on Hearing in the Inner Ear"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Junyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiakun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mianzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241062","article-title":"Sound strategies for hearing restoration","volume":"344","author":"Holt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1509","article-title":"Motility-associated hair-bundle motion in mammalian outer hair cells","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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