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Their minimal invasiveness and user-friendliness make them a prominent substitute for venous puncture or finger-pricking. Although the latter is suitable for self-sampling, the impracticality of manual handling and the difficulty of obtaining enough qualitative sample is driving the search for better solutions. In this context, hollow microneedle arrays (HMNAs) are particularly interesting for completely integrating sample-to-answer solutions as they create a duct between the skin and the sampling device. However, the fabrication of sharp-tipped HMNAs with a high aspect ratio (AR) is challenging, especially since a length of \u22651500 \u03bcm is desired to reach the blood capillaries. In this paper, we first described a novel two-step fabrication protocol for HMNAs in stainless steel by percussion laser drilling and subsequent micro-milling. The HMNAs were then integrated into a self-powered microfluidic sampling patch, containing a capillary pump which was optimized to generate negative pressure differences up to 40.9 \u00b1 1.8 kPa. The sampling patch was validated in vitro, showing the feasibility of sampling 40 \u03bcL of liquid. It is anticipated that our proof-of-concept is a starting point for more sophisticated all-in-one biofluid sampling and point-of-care testing systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14030615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T03:11:39Z","timestamp":1678158699000},"page":"615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Innovative Fabrication of Hollow Microneedle Arrays Enabling Blood Sampling with a Self-Powered Microfluidic Patch"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Van Hileghem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashwat","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Member of Flanders Make, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnese","family":"Piovesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postharvest Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Verboven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postharvest Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Nicola\u00ef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postharvest Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6158-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominiek","family":"Reynaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Member of Flanders Make, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dal Dosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8143-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Lammertyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.05.028","article-title":"The use of blunt needles does not reduce glove perforations during obstetrical laceration repair","volume":"199","author":"Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. 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