{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:01:53Z","timestamp":1760148113220,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61703304","KJ20151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61703304","KJ20151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017964","name":"Tianjin Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61703304","KJ20151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61703304","KJ20151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017964","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant pleural effusion is a common clinical problem, which often occurs in cases of malignant tumors, especially in lung cancer. In this paper, a pleural effusion detection system based on a microfluidic chip, combined with specific tumor biomarker, hexaminolevulinate (HAL), used to concentrate and identify tumor cells in pleural effusion was reported. The lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and mesothelial cell line Met-5A were cultured as the tumor cells and non-tumor cells, respectively. The optimum enrichment effect was achieved in the microfluidic chip when the flow rates of cell suspension and phosphate-buffered saline achieved 2 mL\/h and 4 mL\/h, respectively. At the optimal flow rate, the proportion of A549 increased from 28.04% to 70.01% due to the concentration effect of the chip, indicating that tumor cells could be enriched by a factor of 2.5 times. In addition, HAL staining results revealed that HAL can be used to identify tumor cells and non-tumor cells in chip and clinical samples. Additionally, the tumor cells obtained from the patients diagnosed with lung cancer were confirmed to be captured in the microfluidic chip, proving the validity of the microfluidic detection system. This study preliminarily demonstrates the microfluidic system is a promising method with which to assist clinical detection in pleural effusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14040771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T05:22:14Z","timestamp":1680153734000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Microfluidic System for Detecting Tumor Cells Based on Biomarker Hexaminolevulinate (HAL): Applications in Pleural Effusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yiran","family":"Luan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8017-5403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuguo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-012-9445-1","article-title":"Management of malignant pleural effusion","volume":"191","author":"Kastelik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S95663","article-title":"Management of malignant pleural effusion: Challenges and solutions","volume":"9","author":"Penz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. 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