{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1778321453707,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan","award":["MOST 110-2221-E-007-076-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2221-E-007-076-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan","award":["MOST 109-3116-F-007-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-3116-F-007-001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan","award":["MOST 108-2221-E-007-050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2221-E-007-050"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan","award":["MOST 105-3113-E-007-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-3113-E-007-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a Swiss-roll-type mini-reformer employing a copper\u2013zinc catalyst for high-efficient SRM process. Although the commercially available copper\u2013zinc catalysts commonly used in cylindrical-type reformers provide decent conversion rates in the short term, their long-term durability still requires improvement, mainly due to temperature variations in the reformer, catalyst loading, and thermal sintering issues. This Swiss-roll-shaped mini-reformer is designed to improve thermal energy preservation\/temperature uniformity by using dual spiral channels to improve the long-term durability while maintaining methanol-reforming efficiency. It was fabricated on a copper plate that was 80 mm wide, 80 mm long, and 4 mm high with spiral channels that were 2 mm deep, 4 mm wide, and 350 mm long. To optimize the design and reformer operation, the catalyst porosity, gas hourly speed velocity (GHSV), operation temperature, and fuel feeding rate are investigated. Swiss-roll-type reformers may require higher driving pressures but can provide better thermal energy preservation and temperature uniformity, posing a higher conversion rate for the same amount of catalyst when compared with other geometries. By carefully adjusting the catalyst bed porosity, locations, and catalyst loading amount as well as other conditions, an optimized gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) can be obtained (14,580 mL\/g\u00b7h) and lead to not only a high conversion rate (96%) and low carbon monoxide generation rate (0.98%) but also a better long-term durability (decay from 96% to 88.12% after 60 h operation time) for SRM processes. The decay rate, 0.13%\/h, after 60 h of operation, is five-folds lower than that (0.67%\/h, 0.134%\/h) of a commercial cylindrical-type fixed-bed reactor with a commercial catalyst.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14101845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T01:42:12Z","timestamp":1695865332000},"page":"1845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Swiss-Roll-Type Methanol Mini-Steam Reformer for Hydrogen Generation with High Efficiency and Long-Term Durability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7654-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan-Gang","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hshinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Cheng","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hshinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Jung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hshinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.092","article-title":"A review on global fuel economy standards, labels and technologies in the transportation sector","volume":"15","author":"Atabani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renew. 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