{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T20:40:44Z","timestamp":1771706444702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51775316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51775316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM), it is challenging to implement internal flushing, mainly because it is easy to produce residual material columns on the workpiece cavity\u2019s bottom surface, affecting the processing quality and efficiency. In order to solve this problem, the internal flushing slotted electrode EDM technology was proposed. The slotted electrode was designed, and its preparation method was described. The influence of pulse width, pulse interval, and flushing pressure on the performance of the internal flushing slotted electrode EDM was studied using single-factor experiments. The experimental results indicate that, with the increase in pulse width, the material removal rate (MRR) increases first and then decreases, while the electrode wear rate (EWR) and the relative electrode wear rate (REWR) decrease gradually; with the increase in pulse interval, the MRR decreases, while the EWR and the REWR increase gradually; with the increase in flushing pressure, the MRR increases first and then decreases, while the EWR and the REWR increase gradually. When the slotted electrode is used for continuous internal flushing EDM, the appropriate pulse width, flushing pressure, and smaller pulse interval can improve the MRR and reduce the EWR and the REWR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14111989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1698399772000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of Machining Characteristics in Electrical Discharge Machining Using a Slotted Electrode with Internal Flushing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Minghao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-023-11518-7","article-title":"High-efficiency EDM based on a composite pulse current","volume":"127","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Chang, H., Zhang, W., Ma, F., Sha, Z., and Zhang, S. (2018). A Simulation Study of Debris Removal Process in Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of Deep Holes. Micromachines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9080378"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmachtools.2010.09.002","article-title":"Gap control for near-dry EDM milling with lead angle","volume":"51","author":"Fujiki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-023-11292-6","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental analysis of plasma radius expansion model in EDM: A comprehensive study","volume":"126","author":"Papazoglou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precisioneng.2017.08.014","article-title":"Improvement of EDM performance in high-aspect ratio slot machining using multi-holed electrodes","volume":"51","author":"Ayesta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2015.1019133","article-title":"Effects of an Electrode Material on a Novel Compound Machining of Inconel718","volume":"31","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-018-1775-6","article-title":"Effects of tool electrode size on surface characteristics in micro-EDM","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.06.068","article-title":"Small hole fabrication through additively manufactured CuCr1Zr electrode during EDM of a novel Haynes 25 superalloy","volume":"25","author":"Karthick","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhang, M., and Yang, F. (2020). Study on the Discharge Characteristics of Single-Pulse Discharge in Micro-EDM. Micromachines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11010055"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-04909-4","article-title":"Fuzzy model-based optimal energy control during the electrical discharge machining","volume":"32","author":"Rodic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precisioneng.2014.11.003","article-title":"A review on the use of dielectric fluids and their effects in electrical discharge machining characteristics","volume":"40","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.1157.93","article-title":"Thermal and Mechanical Influence of Ultrasonically Aided Electrical Discharge Machining on Co-Cr Alloys","volume":"1157","author":"Daniel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2015.09.019","article-title":"Physical and electrical characteristics of EDM debris","volume":"229","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2017.12.016","article-title":"A study on EDM debris particle size and flushing mechanism for efficient debris removal in EDM-drilling of Inconel 718","volume":"255","author":"Tanjilul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2018.06.026","article-title":"Self-adjusting EDM\/ECM high speed drilling of film cooling holes","volume":"262","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(01)01149-9","article-title":"Ultrasonic and electric discharge machining to deep and small hole on titanium alloy","volume":"120","author":"Wansheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2012.07.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of low frequency workpiece vibration in deep-hole micro-EDM drilling of tungsten carbide","volume":"14","author":"Jahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2023.113245","article-title":"Predicting depth of cut in vibration-assisted EDM cutting on titanium alloy using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system","volume":"219","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1615793","article-title":"Electrode jump motion in linear motor equipped die-sinking EDM","volume":"125","author":"Cetin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2013.11.185","article-title":"Effect of Electrode Jump Motion on Machining Debris Concentration","volume":"49","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-04345-2","article-title":"Effects of electrode rotational speed on processing performances of AISI 304 in micro-electrical discharge machining","volume":"105","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-018-3167-3","article-title":"Investigating the effects of external magnetic field on machining characteristics of electrical discharge machining process, numerically and experimentally","volume":"102","author":"Shabgard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-011-0128-2","article-title":"Investigations into performance of dry EDM using slotted electrodes","volume":"12","author":"Puthumana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1177\/0954405417752528","article-title":"Effect of slotted electrodes on improvement in machining performance of large-scale electrical discharge machining","volume":"233","author":"Lo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Xiang, X., Gu, L., and Zhao, W. (2011, January 13\u201317). Rapid-tooling of bunched electrode for EDM. Proceedings of the ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference 2011, Corvallis, OR, USA.","DOI":"10.1115\/MSEC2011-50105"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2848","article-title":"Influences of Distributed Inner-flushing on Performance of Porous-electrode EDM","volume":"26","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Mech. Eng."}],"container-title":["Micromachines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/14\/11\/1989\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:12:50Z","timestamp":1760130770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/14\/11\/1989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["mi14111989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi14111989","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-666X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-666X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]}}}