{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:08:50Z","timestamp":1790816930410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Innovates\u2014Health Solutions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sample preparation for mass spectroscopy typically involves several liquid and solid phase clean-ups, extractions, and other unit operations, which are labour-intensive and error-prone. We demonstrate a centrifugal microfluidic platform that automates the whole blood sample\u2019s preparation and clean-up by combining traditional liquid-phase and multiple solid-phase extractions for applications in mass spectroscopy (MS)-based small molecule detection. Liquid phase extraction was performed using methanol to precipitate proteins in plasma separated from a blood sample under centrifugal force. The preloaded solid phase composed of C18 beads then removed lipids with a combination of silica particles, which further cleaned up any remaining proteins. We further integrated the application of this sample prep disc with matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization (MALDI) MS by using glancing angle deposition films, which further cleaned up the processed sample by segregating the electrolyte background from the sample salts. Additionally, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) MS was employed for detecting targeted free amino acids. Therefore, several representative ionic metabolites, including several amino acids and organic acids from blood samples, were analysed by both MALDI-MS and HILIC-MS to demonstrate the performance of this sample preparation disc. The fully automated blood sample preparation procedure only took 35 mins, with a throughput of three parallel units.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14122257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T10:04:47Z","timestamp":1702893887000},"page":"2257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Automated Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform for Efficient Multistep Blood Sample Preparation and Clean-Up towards Small Ion-Molecule Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7710-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuting","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FPC@DCU\u2014Fraunhofer Project Centre for Embedded Bioanalytical Systems, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Applications in Fluidic Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada"},{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Ducr\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jed D.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada"},{"name":"FPC@DCU\u2014Fraunhofer Project Centre for Embedded Bioanalytical Systems, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Weatherby, D., and Ferguson, S. 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