{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T01:06:53Z","timestamp":1781226413057,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-MIP-22\u201361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP-22\u201361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the design, development, and investigation of a novel piezoelectric inertial motor whose target application is the low Earth orbit (LEO) temperature conditions. The motor utilizes the inertial stick\u2013slip principle, driven by the first bending mode of three piezoelectric bimorph plates, and is compact and lightweight, with a total volume of 443 cm3 and a mass of 28.14 g. Numerical simulations and experimental investigations were conducted to assess the mechanical and electromechanical performance of the motor in a temperature range from \u221220 \u00b0C to 40 \u00b0C. The results show that the motor\u2019s resonant frequency decreases from 12,810 Hz at \u221220 \u00b0C to 12,640 Hz at 40 \u00b0C, with a total deviation of 170 Hz. The displacement amplitude increased from 12.61 \u03bcm to 13.31 \u03bcm across the same temperature range, indicating an improved mechanical response at higher temperatures. The motor achieved a maximum angular speed up to 1200 RPM and a stall torque of 13.1 N\u00b7mm at an excitation voltage amplitude of 180 Vp-p. The simple and scalable design, combined with its stability under varying temperature conditions, makes it well suited for small satellite applications, particularly in precision positioning tasks such as satellite orientation and free-space optical (FSO) communications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15121495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T04:14:52Z","timestamp":1734322492000},"page":"1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of Piezoelectric Inertial Rotary Motor for Free-Space Optical Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurynas","family":"\u0160i\u0161ovas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Antanas Gustaitis\u2019 Aviation Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"\u010ceponis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Science, Faculty of Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3323-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalius","family":"Ma\u017eeika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergejus","family":"Borodinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paerosci.2016.11.002","article-title":"CubeSat evolution: Analyzing CubeSat capabilities for conducting science missions","volume":"88","author":"Poghosyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. 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