{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:40:16Z","timestamp":1790800816152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Polish Ministry of Science and Education","award":["16.16.160.557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16.16.160.557"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review concentrates on the application of carbon-based materials in the development and fabrication of voltammetric sensors of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of moderate to severe depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and various phobias. Voltammetric techniques offer outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, accuracy, low detection limit, high reproducibility, instrumental simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and short time of direct determination of antidepressant drugs in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. Moreover, the combination of voltammetric approaches with the unique characteristics of carbon and its derivatives has led to the development of powerful electrochemical sensing tools for detecting antidepressant drugs, which are highly desirable in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, carbon-based materials, such as glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond, and a wide spectrum of carbon nanoparticles, including graphene, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were described in terms of the sensing performance of agomelatine, alprazolam, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, clonazepam, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, doxepin, duloxetine, flunitrazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, nifedipine, olanzapine, opipramol, paroxetine, quetiapine, serotonin, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trazodone, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16040423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T08:21:41Z","timestamp":1743495701000},"page":"423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Carbon Materials in Voltammetry: An Overview of Versatile Platforms for Antidepressant Drug Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Smajdor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3285-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Fendrych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"G\u00f3rska-Ratusznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lukasiewicz Research Network\u2014Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska St., 30-418 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression","volume":"219","author":"Woody","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. 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