{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:10:21Z","timestamp":1788538221829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52476076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52476076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21ZD4GA027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZD4GA027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JRRA963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23JRRA1704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA1704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Special Projects of Gansu Province, China","award":["52476076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52476076"]}]},{"name":"Major Special Projects of Gansu Province, China","award":["21ZD4GA027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZD4GA027"]}]},{"name":"Major Special Projects of Gansu Province, China","award":["25JRRA963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA963"]}]},{"name":"Major Special Projects of Gansu Province, China","award":["23JRRA1704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA1704"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program Basic research program natural science Foundation of Gansu Province China","award":["52476076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52476076"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program Basic research program natural science Foundation of Gansu Province China","award":["21ZD4GA027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZD4GA027"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program Basic research program natural science Foundation of Gansu Province China","award":["25JRRA963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA963"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program Basic research program natural science Foundation of Gansu Province China","award":["23JRRA1704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA1704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The heat transfer enhancement of diamond-shaped ribs mounted in the periodic merging chambers of microchannel (MC) heat sinks is investigated using a numerical method for Reynolds number in the region of 300\u2013700. Compared to triangular, rectangular, and cylindrical ribs, diamond-shaped ribs achieve 3.59%, 13.24%, and 6.34% higher enhancement effects, respectively, under the same mass flow rate. Further analysis of geometric parameters (length, width, and height) and rib positioning reveals that a rib height of h\/Hch = 0.8 provides optimal heat dissipation performance. For Re &lt; 500, the optimal configuration is a rib length of l\/Lmerg = 0.55 and a width of b\/Wch = 0.8, while for 500 &lt; Re &lt; 700, it shifts to l\/Lmerg = 0.36 and b\/Wch = 1.6. For s\/Lmerg, the smaller it is, the shorter the main flow separation time, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16050533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T07:00:21Z","timestamp":1745996421000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heat Transfer Enhancement of Diamond Rib Mounted in Periodic Merging Chambers of Micro Channel Heat Sink"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Railway Vehicle Thermal Engineering Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Railway Vehicle Thermal Engineering Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangbi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Railway Vehicle Thermal Engineering Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109562","article-title":"Numerical study on hydrothermal performance in a microchannel with gradient array of ribs and pin fins","volume":"210","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108202","article-title":"Investigation on the thermohydraulic performance of a microchannel heat exchanger incorporating staggered truncated fins","volume":"159","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass. Transf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2025.105850","article-title":"Computational analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a diamond microchannel heat sink with orthogonal ribs","volume":"67","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2019.113765","article-title":"Optimal hydrothermal design of microchannel heat sink using trapezoidal cavities and solid\/slotted oval pins","volume":"158","author":"Alfellag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2019.113764","article-title":"Study on thermal performance of microchannel heat sinks with periodic jetting and throttling structures in sidewalls","volume":"158","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107177","article-title":"Effect of circular pin-fins geometry and their arrangement on heat transfer performance for laminar flow in microchannel heat sink","volume":"170","author":"Vasilev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2023.04.274","article-title":"Study on structure optimization and flow characteristics of discontinuous microchannels","volume":"59","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"2893","article-title":"Flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels with periodic turbulent flow structure","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105805","article-title":"Improving the hydrothermal characteristics of wavy microchannel heat sink by modification of wavelength and wave amplitude","volume":"130","author":"Pourhammati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass. Transf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2017.05.013","article-title":"Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sink by wavy channel with changing wavelength\/amplitude","volume":"118","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2013.12.009","article-title":"Optimization of geometry and flow rate distribution for double-layer microchannel heat sink","volume":"78","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2018.07.043","article-title":"Hotspot thermal management using a microchannel-pinfin hybrid heat sink","volume":"134","author":"Ansari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2012.10.037","article-title":"Optimum thermal design of interrupted microchannel heat sink with rectangular ribs in the transverse microchambers","volume":"51","author":"Chai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.04.011","article-title":"Investigation of thermal performance of microchannel heat sink with triangular ribs in the transverse microchambers","volume":"65","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass. Transf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1116\/1.2943641","article-title":"Survey on measurement of tangential momentum accommodation coefficient","volume":"26","author":"Agrawal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brush, G.S., and Hall, S.N. (2003). Historical Commentary. The Kinetic Theory of Gases: An Anthology of Classic Papers with Historical Commentary, Imperial College Press.","DOI":"10.1142\/9781848161337"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.031","article-title":"Heat transfer for laminar slip flow in a microchannel of arbitrary cross section with complex thermal boundary conditions","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0017-9310(01)00337-4","article-title":"Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single-phase micro-channel heat sink","volume":"45","author":"Qu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass. Transf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2006.01.016","article-title":"Single-phase liquid friction factors in microchannels","volume":"45","author":"Steinke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"122","article-title":"Numerical simulation of liquid flow and heat transfer characteristics in fan-shaped cavity microchannels","volume":"43","author":"Chai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Harbin Inst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Shan, R.K., and London, A.L. (1978). Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"627","article-title":"Numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer in spaced-sector cavity microchannels","volume":"40","author":"Zhai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.02.015","article-title":"Three-dimensional numerical analyses and optimization of offset strip-fin microchannel heat sinks","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass. Transf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.07.100","article-title":"Design of microchannel heat sink with wavy channel and its time-efficient optimization with combined RSM and FVM methods","volume":"103","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass. Transf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Yang, Z., Ye, X., Lu, Q., Yuan, S., and Jiang, F. (2024). Numerical Study and Structural Optimization of Impinging Jet Heat Transfer Performance of Floatation Nozzle. Processes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12010106"}],"container-title":["Micromachines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/16\/5\/533\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:24:06Z","timestamp":1760030646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/16\/5\/533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["mi16050533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi16050533","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-666X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-666X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}}}