{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:12:55Z","timestamp":1785363175758,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2023YFF0720800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF0720800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["52435010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52435010"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2025JC-YBQN-572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC-YBQN-572"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2023YFF0720800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF0720800"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["52435010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52435010"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2025JC-YBQN-572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC-YBQN-572"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFF0720800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF0720800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52435010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52435010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JC-YBQN-572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC-YBQN-572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2023YFF0720800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF0720800"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0455"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["52435010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52435010"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2025JC-YBQN-572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC-YBQN-572"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have been widely applied in fields such as air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive testing, gesture recognition, and 3D imaging. However, most current CMUTs struggle to simultaneously achieve both low power consumption and high performance, which limits their application in relevant fields. In this paper, a dual-layer CMUT is proposed, and its structural optimization design is also analyzed. The dual-layer CMUT consists of a top-layer circular CMUT cell and a bottom-layer annular CMUT cell. A movable pillar connects the top and bottom cells of the double-layer CMUT. This design increases the total deflection and reduces the stiffness, making the membrane more susceptible to deformation under external forces, thereby achieving low power consumption and high reception performance. The finite element method (FEM) results showed that, compared with conventional CMUTs, the structural optimization design of the dual-layer CMUT had a 13.7% reduction in collapse voltage. The improvements in the maximum deflection, average deflection, electromechanical coupling coefficient, transmitting sensitivity, and receiving sensitivity were 41.2%, 68.0%, 84.6%, 17.7%, and 101.6%, respectively. Therefore, the dual-layer CMUT has low power consumption and high reception performance while maintaining transmission performance, and it has potential for applications in portable, low-power devices and air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16070782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1751366708000},"page":"782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structural Optimization Design of the Dual-Layer CMUT with Low Power Consumption and High Ultrasonic Reception Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6350-8299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro\/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"Basic Education College, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zutang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1583-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Education College, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro\/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro\/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro\/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro\/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University 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Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, C., Cai, Q., Chen, M., and Jiang, X. 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