{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:21:56Z","timestamp":1789575716971,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK138248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK138248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is difficult to evaluate objectively due to its complex physiological nature and lack of reliable biomarkers. Given the complexity of IBS, a multimodal physiological monitoring approach, combining electrodermal activity (EDA), electrocardiogram (ECG), and surface electromyography (sEMG), offers a promising approach to capture the autonomic and muscular responses linked to visceral pain. However, no existing wearable device supports simultaneous EDA, ECG, and sEMG acquisition from the abdomen in a format suitable for long-term, real-world use. This study presents the development and validation of a novel wearable belt for concurrent ECG, sEMG, and EDA monitoring, with EDA measured at both the torso and wrist. The system was built using modified BITalino platforms with custom-fabricated reusable electrodes and Bluetooth connectivity for real-time smartphone display. Signal quality was validated against laboratory-grade systems in 20 healthy participants during a four-stage protocol involving cognitive, orthostatic, muscular, and combined stress tasks. Time and frequency-domain analyses showed high correlations and comparable spectral features across all modalities. The belt maintained stable skin contact even during movement-intensive tasks. By enabling anatomically targeted, multimodal data acquisition, this wearable system supports real-world visceral pain assessment in IBS and is ready for deployment in ambulatory and home-based monitoring scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16111255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:22:36Z","timestamp":1762176156000},"page":"1255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development and Validation of a Multimodal Wearable Belt for Abdominal Biosignal Monitoring with Application to Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4489-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Karimi Forood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2640-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibi","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2211-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riley","family":"McNaboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuany","family":"De Carvalho Lachos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lantigua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4514-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Posada-Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000942","article-title":"Interacting Influences of Gender and Chronic Pain Status on Parasympathetically Mediated Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents and Young Adults","volume":"158","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12092","article-title":"Autonomic Functioning in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Measured by Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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