{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:40:39Z","timestamp":1791632439496,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202102100401014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102100401014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous monitoring of pathological motor features is vital for post-stroke rehabilitation but remains challenged by power reliance and low sensitivity of wearable sensors. Here, we develop a high-sensitivity, self-powered breathable nanogenerator (BN-TENG) utilizing fish-scale-derived biological hydroxyapatite\/carbon (Bio-HAp\/C) fillers within electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers. The Bio-HAp\/C enhances electron-trapping capability, while a high-resilience ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) spacer optimizes contact-separation dynamics. The BN-TENG achieves a superior sensitivity of 16.28 V\u00b7N\u22121 and remarkable stability over 10,000 cycles. By implementing a multi-node sensing strategy, the sensor successfully captures complex hemiplegic patterns, including compensatory shoulder hiking, distal muscle spasticity, and postural asymmetry. By resolving subtle micro-vibrations missed by traditional electronics, this work provides a sustainable, autonomous interface for characterizing pathological motor features and assessing rehabilitation progress in hemiplegic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi17040395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:07:13Z","timestamp":1774433233000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High-Sensitivity Bio-Waste-Derived Triboelectric Sensors for Capturing Pathological Motor Features in Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shengkun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Taiyuan Institute Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aurasky Electronics Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengqun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320907071","article-title":"Cognitive reserve as an emerging concept in stroke recovery","volume":"34","author":"Rosenich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurorehabilit. 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