{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:09:52Z","timestamp":1785413392189,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["ECCS-1847733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-1847733"]}]},{"award":["ECCS-1847733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-1847733"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021nxhr62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AI155959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI155959"]}]},{"award":["R01AI155959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI155959"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical chromatography (OC) has emerged as a powerful, label-free technique for the precise manipulation and separation of micro- and nanoparticles based on their intrinsic biophysical properties, including size, refractive index, and morphology. By balancing optical radiation pressure with fluid drag forces, OC enables high-resolution sorting of diverse analytes\u2014from synthetic colloids to biological cells and pathogens\u2014without the need for fluorescent labels or chemical modifications. Recent advancements in integrated optofluidic platforms, such as plasmonic microlens arrays, fiber-based systems, and hybrid optical\u2013electrical detection approaches, have significantly enhanced OC capabilities, addressing long-standing challenges in scalability, throughput, and sensitivity, and facilitated its transition toward compact, application-oriented analytical platforms. These innovations have expanded OC applications in critical biomedical fields, including exosome isolation, pathogen detection, and viral infection monitoring. Furthermore, the integration of OC with tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) presents a promising avenue for simultaneous particle fractionation and characterization, overcoming key limitations of conventional resistive pulse techniques. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of OC, followed by recent progress in particle separation strategies and integrated optofluidic system design. We further highlight emerging applications in bioanalysis and discuss future directions toward high-throughput, multimodal, and clinically relevant OC platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi17060661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:17:58Z","timestamp":1779812278000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-Resolution Optical Chromatography: Principles, Innovations, and Emerging Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiangchao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0444-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Ali","family":"Yanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"},{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.24.156","article-title":"Acceleration and Trapping of Particles by Radiation Pressure","volume":"24","author":"Ashkin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.902132","article-title":"History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules","volume":"6","author":"Ashkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. 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