{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:44:02Z","timestamp":1786164242119,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62305045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62305045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52505626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52505626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12204192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12204192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["62305045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62305045"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52505626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52505626"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["12204192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12204192"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20240101319JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240101319JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["20240101319JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240101319JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049x38272","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008763","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252103810124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252103810124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Micro-fabrication and structural engineering of an ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) micro-sensing platform have been developed, based on ZnO inverse opal electrodes with signal amplification enhanced by AgCuS nanocrystals, specifically designed for the detection of anti-LGI1 antibodies. The delayed light effect inherent in the ZnO inverse opal structure enhances photoelectrochemical efficiency by extending the effective optical path. Incorporation of AgCuS nanocrystals significantly augments the photoelectric sensitivity of the ZnO inverse opal, maximizing visible light utilization, accelerating charge transfer kinetics, and substantially enhancing photocurrent generation. Leveraging the uniform porous architecture of the ZnO inverse opal, the ZnO\/AgCuS film provides an expansive surface area for biomolecule immobilization and facilitates enhanced electron transport. The ZnO\/AgCuS heterogeneous film was innovatively implemented as a PEC bioassay platform. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.01\u2013500 ng\/mL and a detection limit of 13 pg\/mL for Anti-LGI1. Furthermore, the fabricated PEC biosensor demonstrated robust performance in human serum sample analyses, characterized by high repeatability, long-term stability, and excellent specificity. This work proposes a micro-manufacturing strategy for high-performance PEC biodevices, promoting the development of intelligent diagnostic platforms for autoimmune encephalitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi17080935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:46:38Z","timestamp":1786009598000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Micro-Engineered Smart ZnO Inverse Opal Electrodes with AgCuS Nanocrystal Amplification for Ultrasensitive Anti-LGI1 Antibody Detections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Electronics Manufacturing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3087-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3231-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Langping","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5182-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0433-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003009","article-title":"Anti-LGI1-associated cognitive impairment: Presentation and long-term outcome","volume":"87","author":"Arino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1947","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes in relapsing and monophasic patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7600-8","article-title":"Clinical and experimental studies of potentially pathogenic brain-directed autoantibodies: Current knowledge and future directions","volume":"262","author":"Varley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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