{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:27:33Z","timestamp":1787632053017,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020453","name":"West Anhui University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WGKQ2021051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WGKQ2021051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["WGKQ2021051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WGKQ2021051"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046ft6c74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bistable electrowetting displays (BEWDs) have become a competitive technical solution for low-power and static display fields due to their unique zero-power-consumption holding characteristics. However, traditional BEWD pixels face problems such as high driving voltage, complex processes, high cost, open structures, and difficulty in high-resolution array fabrication. Aiming at these bottlenecks, this paper proposes a closed stereoscopic bistable EWD pixel structure driven by planar and non-planar electrodes, and completes the design, fabrication, and performance verification of the device. The fabrication process proposed in this paper combines photolithography and inkjet printing, featuring simple process, low cost, closed pixels, and low driving voltage, which solves the key problems of traditional processes. The research results provide a feasible process route and experimental basis for the development of low-power bistable electrowetting display devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi17090990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:20:28Z","timestamp":1787592028000},"page":"990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fabrication Process of Bistable Electrowetting Displays Based on Photolithography and Inkjet Printing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guisong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01988","article-title":"Video-speed electronic paper based on electrowetting","volume":"425","author":"Hayes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.68","article-title":"Electrofluidic displays using Young\u2013Laplace transposition of brilliant pigment dispersions","volume":"3","author":"Heikenfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b04352","article-title":"Modeling of Oil\/Water Interfacial Dynamics in Three-Dimensional Bistable Electrowetting Display Pixels","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["Micromachines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/17\/9\/990\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:11:09Z","timestamp":1787631069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/17\/9\/990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["mi17090990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi17090990","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-666X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-666X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]}}}