{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:18:14Z","timestamp":1769631494698,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To treat retinal degenerative diseases, a transcorneal electrical stimulation-based system is proposed, which consists of an eye implant and an external component. The eye implant is wirelessly powered and controlled by the external component to generate the required bi-polar current pattern for transcorneal stimulation with an amplitude range of 5 \u03bcA to 320 \u03bcA, a frequency range of 10 Hz to 160 Hz and a duty ratio range of 2.5% to 20%. Power delivery control includes power boosting in preparation for stimulation, and normal power regulation that adapts to both coupling and load variations. Only one pair of coils is used for both the power link and the bi-directional data link. Except for the secondary coil, the eye implant is fully integrated on chip and is fabricated using UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan) 0.13 \u03bcm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process with a size of 1.5 mm \u00d7 1.5 mm. The secondary coil is fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a diameter of only 4.4 mm. After coating with biocompatible silicone, the whole implant has dimensions of 6 mm in diameter with a thickness of less than 1 mm. The whole device can be put onto the sclera and beneath the eye\u2019s conjunctiva. System functionality and electrical performance are demonstrated with measurement results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi8120368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T11:34:14Z","timestamp":1513769654000},"page":"368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Optic Nerve Stimulation System with Adaptive Wireless Powering and Data Telemetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA 92618, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macao, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ying","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing-Hung","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.03.017","article-title":"Preservation of retinotopic map in retinal degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. 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