{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:42:17Z","timestamp":1773664937379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the financial supports from National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFC0201103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0201103"]}]},{"name":"the financial supports from Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51471161 and 11674320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51471161 and 11674320"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar","award":["1408085J10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1408085J10"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Projects of the Frontier Science CAS","award":["QYZDB-SSW-JSC017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QYZDB-SSW-JSC017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A convenient and flexible route is presented to fabricate gold noble metal nanoparticles wrapped with a controllable ultrathin carbon layer (Au@C) in one step based on laser ablation of the noble metal targets in toluene-ethanol mixed solutions. The obtained metal nanoparticles were &lt;20 nm in size after ablation, and the thickness of the wrapped ultrathin carbon layer was 2 nm in a typical reaction. The size of the inner noble metal nanoparticles could be controlled by adjusting the power of laser ablation, and the thickness of the ultrathin carbon layer can be controlled from 0.6 to 2 nm by laser ablation in different components of organic solution. Then the resultant Au@C core\/shell nanoparticles were modified on the surface of In2O3 films through a sol-gel technique, and the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas-sensing characteristics of the products were examined. Compared to pure and Au-modified In2O3, the Au@C-modified In2O3 materials exhibited a revertible and reproducible performance with good sensitivity and very low response times (few seconds) for H2S gas with a concentrations of 1 to 5 ppm at room temperature. Evidence proved that the ultrathin carbon layer played an important role in the improved H2S sensor performance. Other noble metals wrapped by the homogeneous carbon shell, such as Ag@C, could also be prepared with this method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9060278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T08:40:39Z","timestamp":1528101639000},"page":"278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Fabrication of Au@C Core\/Shell Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Solutions and Their Enhancements to a Gas Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7845-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guotao","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, G.Q., Wu, F., Yuan, Y.F., Chen, R.J., Zhao, T., Yao, Y., Qian, J., Liu, J.R., Ye, Y.S., and Shahbazian-Yassar, R. (2016). Freestanding three-dimensional core-shell nanoarrays for lithium-ion battery anodes. Nat. Commun., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11774"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8537","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603674","article-title":"Vertical 2D MoO2\/MoSe2 Core-Shell Nanosheet Arrays as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4752","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501969","article-title":"When Cubic Cobalt Sulfide Meets Layered Molybdenum Disulfide: A Core-Shell System Toward Synergetic Electrocatalytic Water Splitting","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00596","article-title":"Core-Shell Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201204355","article-title":"Graphene-Veiled Gold Substrate for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boies, A.M., Lei, P., Calder, S., and Girshick, S.L. (2011). Gas-phase production of gold-decorated silica nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 22.","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/22\/31\/315603"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20606","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9063998","article-title":"Structural Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles by Chemical Vapor Deposition-Applied Silica Coatings","volume":"113","author":"Seipenbusch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boies, A.M., Roberts, J.T., Girshick, S.L., Zhang, B., Nakamura, T., and Mochizuki, A. (2009). SiO2 coating of silver nanoparticles by photoinduced chemical vapor deposition. Nanotechnology, 20.","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/29\/295604"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2013.03.013","article-title":"A facile dip-coating approach based on three silica sols to fabrication of broadband antireflective superhydrophobic coatings","volume":"400","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1021\/jp013236d","article-title":"Poly(vinyl pyridine) as a universal surface modifier for immobilization of nanoparticles","volume":"106","author":"Malynych","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08907","article-title":"Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"464","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-017-1328-0","article-title":"Influence of the laser pulse repetition rate and scanning speed on the morphology of Ag nanostructures fabricated by pulsed laser ablation of solid target in water","volume":"123","author":"Nikolov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16204","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.016204","article-title":"Laser-induced construction of multi-branched CuS nanodendrites with excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy in repeated applications","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1070\/QE2003v033n08ABEH002484","article-title":"Production of nanoparticles by laser-induced ablation of metals in liquids","volume":"33","author":"Brayner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2961\/jlmn.2015.03.0016","article-title":"Residual Heat in Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals","volume":"10","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Laser Micro Nanoeng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2015.06.030","article-title":"Structure and morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid: Effects of temperature and energy fluence","volume":"162","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201601181","article-title":"Laser-Assisted Synthesis of Colloidal Ni\/NiOx Core\/Shell Nanoparticles in Water and Alcoholic Solvents","volume":"18","author":"Lasemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemphyschem"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.189","article-title":"A theoretical investigation of the power-law response of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors II: Size and shape effects","volume":"255","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, C.Q., Gao, L., Zhou, F., and Duan, G.T. (2017). Facile Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanotubes Using Self-Assembly Method Based on the Hydrogen Bonding: Mechanism and Application in Gas Sensing. Polymers, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9100544"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.05.024","article-title":"A substrate-independent fabrication of hollow sphere arrays via template-assisted hydrothermal approach and their application in gas sensing","volume":"251","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.023","article-title":"Enhanced H2S gas sensing properties based on SnO2 quantum wire\/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites: Equilibrium and kinetics modeling","volume":"249","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.09.155","article-title":"Highly sensitive detection of acetone using mesoporous In2O3 nanospher es decorated with Au nanoparticles","volume":"242","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.11.298","article-title":"Acetone gas detection using TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized In2O3 nanowires for diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"696","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-016-0362-1","article-title":"Effect of In2O3 nanofiber structure on the ammonia sensing performances of In2O3\/PANI composite nanofibers","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7857","DOI":"10.1021\/jp901768k","article-title":"Highly Sensitive and Selective Zirconia-Based Propene Sensor using Nanostructured Gold Sensing Electrodes Fabricated from Colloidal Solutions","volume":"113","author":"Plashnitsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"47","article-title":"Pt electrode-based sensor prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition for oxygen activity measurements in glass melts","volume":"14","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sens. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-015-3164-5","article-title":"Metal-core@metal oxide-shell nanomaterials for gas-sensing applications: A review","volume":"17","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5081","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201201441","article-title":"Supported Faceted Gold Nanoparticles with Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance for NIR-SERS","volume":"22","author":"Bianco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4397-x","article-title":"A label-free sensing method for phosphopeptides using two-layer gold nanoparticle-based localized surface plasma resonance spectroscopy","volume":"399","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19220","DOI":"10.1021\/jp062536y","article-title":"Gold and silver nanoparticles in sensing and imaging: Sensitivity of plasmon response to size, shape, and metal composition","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7005","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0204197","article-title":"Near infrared optical absorption of gold nanoparticle aggregates","volume":"106","author":"Norman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat755","article-title":"Large-area synthesis of carbon nanofibres at room temperature","volume":"1","author":"Boskovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.20.392","article-title":"1st-order and 2nd-order raman-scattering from finite-size crystals of graphite","volume":"20","author":"Nemanich","year":"1979","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4940","DOI":"10.1021\/jp037427n","article-title":"Laser ablation synthesis of spindle-like gallium oxide hydroxide nanoparticles with the presence of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide","volume":"108","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0037091","article-title":"Formation of gold nanoparticles by laser ablation in aqueous solution of surfactant","volume":"105","author":"Mafune","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.58.238","article-title":"Pulsed-laser induced reactive quenching at a liquid-solid interface-aqueous oxidation of iron","volume":"58","author":"Patil","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2017.2789225","article-title":"One-Step Synthesis of Au\/SnO2\/RGO Nanocomposites and Their VOC Sensing Properties","volume":"17","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01797","article-title":"Ballistic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors","volume":"424","author":"Javey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.106801","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes as Schottky barrier transistors","volume":"89","author":"Heinze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cong, H., Yang, F., Xue, C.L., Yu, K., Zhou, L., Wang, N., Cheng, B.W., and Wang, Q.M. (2018). Multilayer Graphene-GeSn Quantum Well Heterostructure SWIR Light Source. Small, 14.","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201704414"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.04.001","article-title":"The synthesis of Au@C@Pt core-double shell nanocomposite and its application in enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide sensing","volume":"378","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Micromachines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/9\/6\/278\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:06:51Z","timestamp":1760195211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/9\/6\/278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["mi9060278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi9060278","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-666X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-666X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}}}