{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:19:30Z","timestamp":1790752770697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R25GM108593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25GM108593"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is a pathogenic bacterium of increasing concern, due to its ability to cause a severe pneumonia, Legionnaires\u2019 Disease (LD), and the challenges in controlling the bacteria within premise plumbing systems. L. pneumophila can thrive within the biofilm of premise plumbing systems, utilizing protozoan hosts for protection from environmental stressors and to increase its growth rate, which increases the bacteria\u2019s infectivity to human host cells. Typical disinfectant techniques have proven to be inadequate in controlling L. pneumophila in the premise plumbing system, exposing users to LD risks. As the bacteria have limited infectivity to human macrophages without replicating within a host protozoan cell, the replication within, and egress from, a protozoan host cell is an integral part of the bacteria\u2019s lifecycle. While there is a great deal of information regarding how L. pneumophila interacts with protozoa, the ability to use this data in a model to attempt to predict a concentration of L. pneumophila in a water system is not known. This systematic review summarizes the information in the literature regarding L. pneumophila\u2019s growth within and egress from the host cell, summarizes the genes which affect these processes, and calculates how oxidative stress can downregulate those genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T20:33:04Z","timestamp":1641933184000},"page":"141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Knowledge to Predict Pathogens: Legionella pneumophila Lifecycle Systematic Review Part II Growth within and Egress from a Host Cell"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6426-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis L.","family":"Mraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Health, Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, 2000 Pennington Rd., Ewing, NJ 08628, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-496","article-title":"Pathology of Legionnaires\u2019 Disease","volume":"90","author":"Carrington","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"489","article-title":"International Symposium on Legionnaires\u2019 Disease, 13\u201315 November 1978, Atlanta, Georgia","volume":"90","author":"Balows","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. 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