{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:46:59Z","timestamp":1785890819862,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of antibiotics to treat dairy calves may result in multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. This study investigated fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from dairy calves. Fresh fecal samples from 147 dairy calves across three age groups were enriched to select for ESBL-producing E. coli. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone (qnrB), macrolide (mph(A)), and beta-lactam (blaCTX-M groups 1 and 9) resistance genes were identified by PCR and gel electrophoresis in ESBL-producing E. coli. Beta-lactamase variants and antibiotic resistance genes were characterized for eight isolates by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one (48.3%) samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli, with 159 (70.4%) isolates identified as blaCTX-M variant group 1 and 67 (29.6%) isolates as blaCTX-M variant group 9. Resistance gene mph(A) was more commonly associated with blaCTX-M variant group 1, while resistance gene qnrB was more commonly associated with variant group 9. E. coli growth was quantified on antibiotic media for 30 samples: 10 from each age group. Significantly higher quantities of ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli were present in the youngest calves. Results indicate the dominant blaCTX-M groups present in ESBL-producing E. coli may be associated with additional qnrB or mph(A) resistance genes and ESBL-producing E. coli is found in higher abundance in younger calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:35:51Z","timestamp":1644546951000},"page":"411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevalence and Profiles of Antibiotic Resistance Genes mph(A) and qnrB in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dairy Calf Feces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1994-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis M.","family":"Carey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Capik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Amarillo, TX 70106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Giebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giebel Veterinary Services, Canyon, TX 79015, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3064-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colette","family":"Nickodem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University System, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harvey Morgan","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Vinasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keri N.","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"CDC (2019). 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