{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:44:43Z","timestamp":1769273083341,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RFBR grant","award":["20-04-60570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-04-60570"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2019-1660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing is an efficient tool to assess the proportion of seropositive population due to infection and\/or vaccination. Numerous test systems utilizing various antigen composition(s) are routinely used for detection and quantitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We determined their diagnostic specificity using archived true-negative samples collected before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using test systems demonstrating 98.5\u2013100% specificity, we assessed the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and durability of anti-spike (S) antibodies in healthcare professionals (n = 100) working in Moscow during the first two cycles of the pandemic (May 2020 to June 2021) outside of the \u201cred zone\u201d. Analysis revealed a rapid increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity from 19 to 80% (19\/100 and 80\/100, respectively) due to virus exposition\/infection; only 16.3% of seroconversion cases (13\/80) were due to vaccination, but not the virus exposure, although massive COVID-19 vaccination of healthcare workers was performed beginning in December 2020. In total, 12.7% (8\/63) remained positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM for &gt;6 months, indicating unsuitability of IgM for identification of newly infected individuals. All except one remained seropositive for anti-S antibodies for &gt;9 months on average. Significant (&gt;15%) declines in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations were observed in only 18% of individuals (9\/50). Our data on the high seropositivity rate and stability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in healthcare personnel working outside of the \u201cred zone\u201d indicate their regular exposition to SARS-CoV-2\/an increased risk of infection, while a low frequency of vaccine-induced antibody response acquired after the start of vaccination points to vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1644784485000},"page":"429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment of Diagnostic Specificity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Tests and Their Application for Monitoring of Seroconversion and Stability of Antiviral Antibody Response in Healthcare Workers in Moscow"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera S.","family":"Kichatova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic & Research Institute for Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fedor A.","family":"Asadi Mobarkhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya A.","family":"Potemkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic & Research Institute for Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey P.","family":"Zlobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic & Research Institute for Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oksana M.","family":"Perfilieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic & Research Institute for Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir T.","family":"Valuev-Elliston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5659-9679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4379-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Solonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department, 129090 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail A.","family":"Godkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department, 129090 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Belikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis of Chronic Viral Infections, NF Gamaleja Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Resource Center for High-Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail I.","family":"Mikhailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic & Research Institute for Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen K.","family":"Kyuregyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic & Research Institute for Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Resource Center for High-Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, February 01). 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