{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:05:16Z","timestamp":1790197516745,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global problem and complicates successful treatments of bacterial infections in animals and humans. We conducted a longitudinal study in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to compare the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in three conventional and four organic pig farms. ESBL-positive E. coli, especially of the CTX-M type, were found in all fattening farms, confirming that antimicrobial resistance is widespread in pig fattening and affects both conventional and organic farms. The percentage of ESBL-positive pens was significantly higher on conventional (55.2%) than on organic farms (44.8%) with similar proportions of ESBL-positive pens on conventional farms (54.3\u201361.9%) and a wide variation (7.7\u201384.2%) on organic farms. Metadata suggest that the farms of origin, from which weaner pigs were purchased, had a major influence on the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the fattening farms. Resistance screening showed that the proportion of pens with multidrug-resistant E. coli was similar on conventional (28.6%) and organic (31.5%) farms. The study shows that ESBL-positive E. coli play a major role in pig production and that urgent action is needed to prevent their spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1647210583000},"page":"603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u00df-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Conventional and Organic Pig Fattening Farms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Meissner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6440-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carola","family":"Sauter-Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9562-5529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan E.","family":"Heiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Schaufler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24118 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Tomaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7400-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz J.","family":"Conraths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"Homeier-Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-019-03087-z","article-title":"Antibiotics: From the Beginning to the Future: Part 1","volume":"87","author":"Khardori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. 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