{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:47:09Z","timestamp":1790416029788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bifidobacteria have long been recognized as bacteria with probiotic and therapeutic features. The aim of this work is to characterize the Bifidobacterium asteroides BA15 and BA17 strains, isolated from honeybee gut, to evaluate its safety for human use. An in-depth assessment was carried out on safety properties (antibiotic resistance profiling, \u03b2-hemolytic, DNase and gelatinase activities and virulence factor presence) and other properties (antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, both strains satisfied all the safety requirements. More specifically, genome analysis showed the absence of genes encoding for glycopeptide (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, vanC-2, vanD, vanE, vanG), resistance to tetracycline (tetM, tetL and tetO) and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:34:27Z","timestamp":1647812067000},"page":"655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characterization of Bifidobacterium asteroides Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bachir","family":"Benkaddour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran1, Oran 31000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Inturri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7288-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna C.","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&D, Local Noto Unit, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., 96017 Noto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunziatina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Vaccalluzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Agolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Caggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadadji","family":"Miloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran1, Oran 31000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia L.","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"ProBioEtna S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.01.003","article-title":"Shaping the Future of Probiotics and Prebiotics","volume":"29","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biavati, B., and Matterelli, P. 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