{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:54:29Z","timestamp":1791320069182,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal University of Amap\u00e1","award":["N\u00b0. 01\/2019-PSPIE\/PROGEP\/UNIFAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b0. 01\/2019-PSPIE\/PROGEP\/UNIFAP"]}]},{"name":"Term of Reference of Municipal Plans of 6 Municipalities in the State of Amapa (TEDPLAN) - UNIFAP \/ FUNASA","award":["No. 23125.012850\/2018-87. 51 p. 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 23125.012850\/2018-87. 51 p. 2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in distinct ecological niches, comprising water sources and food-producing animals, such as fish species, has been widely reported. In the present study, quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from Arapirama gigas, a major fish species in the Brazilian Amazon rivers and fish farms, were characterized regarding their antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, and genetic diversity. A total of forty (40) specimens of A. gigas, including 20 farmed and 20 wild fish, were included. Thirty-four quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were phenotypically tested by broth microdilution, while resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. Molecular epidemiology and genetic relatedness were analyzed by MLST and PFGE typing. The majority of isolates were classified as MDR and detected harboring blaCTX-M, qnrA and qnrB genes. Enterotoxigenic E. coli pathotype (ETEC) isolates were presented in low prevalence among farmed animals. MLST and PFGE genotyping revealed a wide genetic background, including the detection of internationally spread clones. The obtained data point out A. gigas as a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon aquatic ecosystems and warns of the interference of AMR strains in wildlife and environmental matrices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1649803725000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Highlight Arapaima gigas (Pisces: Arapaimidae) as a Reservoir of Quinolone-Resistant Strains in Brazilian Amazon Rivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luciana Sampaio","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-831X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo Aparecido","family":"Proietti-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9922-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Corr\u00eaa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (SABMI\/IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Cleyton","family":"da Silva Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (SABMI\/IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (SABMI\/IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintya","family":"de Oliveira Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (SABMI\/IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f4nica","family":"Dias Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Pavilh\u00e3o Rocha Lima, Enterobacteria Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Oliveira Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (SAMAM\/IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1lia","family":"dos Prazeres Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Pavilh\u00e3o Rocha Lima, Enterobacteria Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla Val\u00e9ria Batista","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Pavilh\u00e3o Rocha Lima, Enterobacteria Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3862949","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3862949","article-title":"Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from Environmental Waters in Northern Colorado","volume":"2019","author":"Haberecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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